24 Questions
What is the function of the ciliated cells in the fallopian tube?
To aid in the movement of the ovum towards the uterus
What is the main function of the simple tubular glands in the endometrium?
To secrete mucus that nourishes the embryo
What is the layer of the uterus that consists of loose connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium?
Perimetrium
What is the main difference between the functional zone and the basal zone of the endometrium?
The functional zone is more prone to shedding than the basal zone
What is the histological structure of the mucosa in the fallopian tube?
Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells
What is the muscular layer of the uterus called?
Myometrium
What is the purpose of the simple tubular glands in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
To secrete mucus that nourishes the embryo
What is the outermost layer of the fallopian tube?
Serosa
Which of the following layers of the myometrium is composed of inner part III muscle fibers?
Submucosal layer
What is the duration of the menstrual cycle?
28 days
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium break down and bleeding occurs?
Menstrual phase
What is the thickness of the endometrium during the menstrual phase?
0.5 mm
Which hormone is responsible for controlling the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
What is the characteristic of endometrial glands during the secretory phase?
Coiled and dilated
Which type of epithelium is present in the endometrial glands during the proliferative phase?
Simple columnar
What is the main composition of the endometrium during the menstrual phase?
Basal zone
What is the maximum thickness of the endometrium during the secretory phase due to secretions and stromal edema?
5 mm
What type of epithelium lines the ectocervix?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the primary source of mucus in the lumen of the vagina?
Cervical glands
What is the composition of the wall of the cervix?
Dense CT with 85% elastic fibers
What type of epithelium lines the vagina?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the duration of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
5th-14th Day
What type of epithelium lines the fallopian tube?
Simple columnar ciliated epithelium
What is the composition of the musculosa layer of the vagina?
Inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle
Study Notes
Fallopian Tubes
- Consist of 3 layers: mucosa, musculosa, and serosa
- Mucosa:
- Highly folded, obliterating the lumen
- Epithelium: simple columnar (ciliated and secretory cells)
- C.T. corium
- Musculosa: inner and outer longitudinal smooth muscle
- Serosa: loose C.T., covered by simple squamous epithelium
Uterus
- Consists of 3 layers: endometrium (mucosa), myometrium (musculosa), and perimetrium (serosa)
- Endometrium:
- Epithelium: simple columnar (ciliated and secretory cells)
- Lamina propria: contains simple tubular glands (lined by simple columnar cells) and C.T. with fibroblasts and ground substance
- Endometrial zones:
- Functional zone: superficial zone, undergoes severe changes during menstrual cycles
- Basal zone: deep zone, no changes during cycles
- Myometrium: thick smooth muscle, formed of 3 layers (submucosal, vascular, and supravascular)
Menstrual Cycle
- Duration: 28 days
- Phases:
- Menstrual (Destructive) phase: 1st-5th day
- Endometrium thickness: 0.5 mm (thin)
- Functional zone detaches
- Proliferative (Follicular-Estrogenic) phase: 5th-14th day
- Hormonal control: estrogen from ovarian follicles
- Endometrium thickness: 2-3 mm
- Secretory (Luteal-Progestational) phase: 14th-28th day
- Hormonal control: progesterone from corpus luteum
- Endometrium thickness: 5 mm (maximum)
- Menstrual (Destructive) phase: 1st-5th day
Cervix of Uterus
- Mucosa:
- Epithelium: mucus-secreting simple columnar epith. (endocervix) and stratified squamous epith. (ectocervix)
- Corium: C.T. containing cervical mucous glands
- Wall: dense C.T. (85%) + elastic fibers + few smooth muscle fibers
Vagina
- Wall contains no mucous glands
- Mucus in lumen comes from cervical glands
- Structure:
- Mucosa: non-keratinized stratified squamous epith. and lamina propria with C.T. and elastic fibers
- Musculosa: inner and outer longitudinal smooth muscle
- Adventitia: C.T. with thick elastic fibers, providing great elasticity
A quiz about the anatomy and histology of the female genital system, including ovarian follicles, Graafian follicle, corpus luteum, ovogenesis, and the uterus.
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