Questions and Answers
What risk is associated with the use of certain topical substances in cats?
What is a significant concern when administering phenytoin to cats?
What adverse effect has been linked to azathioprine in cats?
Why might anorexic cats be at a greater risk for adverse drug reactions?
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Which insect repellent is noted to be lethal to cats if ingested?
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What is the primary metabolic phase affected in cats that leads to drug disposition differences compared to dogs?
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What deficiency in cats contributes to a prolonged half-life of certain drugs?
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Which drug is specifically noted for having a prolonged half-life in cats due to metabolism differences?
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What age groups in cats are more susceptible to adverse drug effects?
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What could cause increased risk of drug toxicity in cats?
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Which of the following drugs can cause severe toxicity in cats?
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What role do glucuronyl transferases play in drug metabolism?
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Which pharmacodynamic effect differs between cats and dogs regarding morphine?
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What genetic change is commonly associated with the transition of FECV to FIP?
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Which diagnostic method involves analyzing the aqueous humor for elevated proteins?
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Which clinical feature is characteristic of the Wet (Effusive) Form of FIP?
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What is the transmission route for FIP in cats?
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In the Dry (Non-effusive) Form of FIP, which organ is commonly involved?
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Which antibody titer level is generally indicative of FIP in cats?
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What is one of the primary features of the Rivalta's Test?
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Which of the following is a key feature of FIP related to cellular changes?
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What metabolic process is well-developed in cats compared to dogs?
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Which metabolic pathway may result in active metabolites in cats?
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What significant pharmacokinetic difference exists between cats and dogs regarding succinylcholine?
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What is a common outcome for phase I metabolites in cats?
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Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of drug metabolism in cats?
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In feline therapeutics, what is the impact of glucuronidation on drug safety?
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Which factor primarily characterizes the difference in drug dosing regimens between cats and dogs?
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How does the metabolism of drugs in cats generally differ from that in dogs?
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What is a common hematologic abnormality observed in cats during the acute stage of FIV infection?
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What treatment should be avoided in FIV-positive cats to help maintain accurate serological diagnosis?
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What is the primary method of preventing FIV in cats?
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What abnormality might be observed in the biochemical profile of FIV-infected cats?
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What is indicated about the use of the bicyclam AMD3100 in the treatment of FIV?
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Which of the following can be considered a secondary treatment option for FIV-positive cats?
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What complication does neutrophilia address in FIV-positive cats?
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What effect does hypergammaglobulinemia have in FIV-positive cats?
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Study Notes
Feline Medicine and Therapeutics
- Metabolism in cats involves Phase I and Phase II processes, primarily occurring in the liver, impacting drug disposition.
- Cats exhibit unique anatomical and physiological traits affecting drug metabolism, especially glucuronidation, where they may lack certain transferases (UGTs).
- Phase I metabolism converts drugs into more polar metabolites through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis, with some metabolites being inactive.
- Phase II metabolism, which predominantly influences drug disposition differences between cats and dogs, is where conjugation reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation take place.
- Cats are relatively deficient in glucuronidation which can lead to prolonged drug half-lives and increased toxicity risks for drugs like aspirin and paracetamol.
- Sulfation is well-developed in cats when compared to dogs, and acetylation is notably proficient in this species.
- Some drugs, such as succinylcholine and paracetamol, are metabolized differently between cats and dogs, leading to potential toxicity risks in cats due to their metabolism.
Age-Related Differences
- Pediatric and geriatric cats are particularly vulnerable to adverse drug effects due to altered drug distribution and metabolism.
- Age affects pharmacokinetics, leading to variability in drug response and potential toxicities.
Toxicities in Cats
- Drugs contraindicated for use in cats include chloramphenicol and azathioprine due to significant adverse effects.
- Phenolic disinfectants and concentrated permethrin pose toxicity risks if cats are exposed.
- Treatments like phenytoin can lead to rapid drug accumulation, causing sedation, ataxia, or anorexia.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- FIP has two forms:
- Wet (Effusive) Form: Characterized by fluid accumulation in body cavities.
- Dry (Non-effusive) Form: Involves granulomatous lesions without excessive fluid.
- Transmission of FIP occurs via the fecal-oral route with cats shedding the virus in feces.
- Clinical diagnosis may involve increased protein levels and inflammatory markers in samples from the aqueous humor or cerebrospinal fluid.
- Diagnostic tests such as Rivalta's test can indicate exudates associated with effusive FIP.
Clinical Features of FIP
- Acute stages often show nonspecific abnormalities with leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and sometimes hypergammaglobulinemia.
- Azotemia and the potential role of FIV in renal disease remain areas of ongoing investigation.
Prevention and Control of FIV
- Keeping cats indoors, spaying/neutering, and minimizing stress are critical measures against FIV exposure.
- A whole inactivated virus vaccine for FIV has been available commercially since 2002 in the USA and 2004 in Australia and New Zealand but is not recommended in Europe due to interference with serological diagnosis.
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Description
This quiz delves into the metabolic processes of cats, specifically focusing on Phase I and Phase II drug metabolism. It highlights the unique anatomical and physiological traits of felines and discusses how these influence drug disposition, including the significances of glucuronidation and sulfation. Test your understanding of how these factors contribute to drug safety and efficacy in cats.
