Feeding Mice
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Questions and Answers

Which species of mouse is the most widely used in research?

  • White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)
  • Deer mouse (Peromyscus spp.)
  • Field mouse (Microtus spp.)
  • Common house mouse (Mus musculus) (correct)

    • What is the main reason why mice are commonly used in biomedical research?

  • They are genetically modified
  • They have unique physiological characteristics
  • They are efficient breeders
  • They are readily available in international databases (correct)

    • How are outbred stocks of mice created?

  • By mating unrelated animals in a closed colony (correct)
  • By crossbreeding different species of mice
  • By mating closely related animals in an open colony
  • By introducing genetic modifications

    • Which teeth in mice continue to grow throughout their life?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when the incisors in mice are not in proper alignment and become overly long?

    <p>Malocclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of mice feces?

    <p>Firm and rice-sized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to prevent dehydration and hypoglycemia in mice prior to surgery?

    <p>To promote a faster recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the gestation length of mice?

    <p>19-21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do newborn mice develop fur and open their eyes?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average litter size of mice?

    <p>4-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can decrease reproductive performance in a mouse colony?

    <p>Constant light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of an outbred stock?

    <p>A population of animals that are genetically variable and bred to maintain maximum heterozygosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mouse stocks is an example of an outbred stock?

    <p>Swiss Webster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an inbred strain and an outbred stock?

    <p>Inbred strains have genetically identical individuals, while outbred stocks have genetically variable individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of breeding related individuals for many generations to create an inbred strain?

    <p>To produce animals with nearly the same genetic composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to assess the activity level of mice during a health check?

    <p>Shining a red-filtered flashlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of pain in mice according to the Mouse Grimace Scale?

    <p>Flattened, lateral ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method of euthanasia for laboratory mice?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) asphyxiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of caging system is commonly used in most facilities for housing mice?

    <p>Solid-bottom plastic cages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing enrichment for mice?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended density for group housing mice in a cage?

    <p>4 to 5 mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feed is generally used for animals in barrier housing to protect them from exposure to environmental microorganisms?

    <p>Sterilized feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for handling very young mice (pups less than 10 days old)?

    <p>Using plastic restraint devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of handling mice is best for transferring animals between cages?

    <p>Tunnel handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of restraint is recommended when giving an injection to a mouse by yourself?

    <p>Holding the head firmly but gently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of individual identification of mice requires IACUC approval and should only be used when no other method is feasible?

    <p>Toe clipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to aggression in mice?

    <p>Social dominance hierarchies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining small stable groups of mice at a young age?

    <p>To prevent aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is barbering in mice?

    <p>A harmless behavior of overgrooming by dominant mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should mice be handled to avoid tail injuries?

    <p>Pick them up by the base or middle of the tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an outbred stock and an inbred strain of mice?

    <p>An outbred stock is a closed population of genetically variable animals that maintain maximum heterozygosity, while an inbred strain is developed by breeding related individuals for many generations to achieve nearly the same genetic composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of outbred mouse stocks?

    <p>Swiss Webster, CD-1, ICR, CFW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are hybrids designated in mouse nomenclature?

    <p>Hybrids are designated by combining some of the designations of their parents. For example, breeding a female C57BL/6 with a male C3H produces B6C3F1 offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of genetically modified mouse models?

    <p>Transgenic mice, knockout mice, and nude mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some advantages of using mice in biomedical research?

    <p>Mice are commonly used in biomedical research due to their status as the most commonly worked with animal species in this field. They provide a valuable model for studying human health and disease, as international databases provide integrated genetic, genomic, and biological data for the mouse. Mice are efficient breeders, producing many generations in a short time period. Additionally, the availability of genetically modified mice allows for research in various areas, including genetics, cancer, and infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most widely used species of mouse in research?

    <p>The most widely used species of mouse in research is the common house mouse, Mus musculus. While other species such as field (Microtus spp.) and deer (Peromyscus spp.) mice are occasionally used in the laboratory, the information presented in this chapter refers specifically to Mus musculus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are outbred stocks created?

    <p>Outbred stocks are created by mating unrelated animals in a closed colony. This produces a population with a 'stabilized' genetic composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that can contribute to aggression in mice?

    <p>Gender, strain, territory, fear-induced defensiveness, and social dominance are some factors that can contribute to aggression in mice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is barbering in mice and how can it be decreased?

    <p>Barbering is when a behaviorally dominant mouse overgrooms the fur of more subordinate cagemates. To decrease this behavior, mice should be offered various forms of environmental enrichment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should mice be handled to avoid tail injuries?

    <p>Mice should be picked up by the base or middle of the tail, and not by the tip of the tail to avoid causing the skin to tear off the tail, known as 'degloving'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some methods of restraint for handling mice?

    <p>Some methods of restraint for handling mice include tail restraint, grasping the scruff of the neck while securing the tail, and using rubber-tipped forceps to grasp the scruff of the neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is malocclusion in mice and how can it be treated?

    <p>Malocclusion in mice is a condition where the incisors are not properly aligned, causing them to become overly long. This can lead to damage or piercing of the gums and difficulty in eating. Treatment involves clipping the overgrown teeth to the proper length, although periodic clipping will be needed for the life of the animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dental formula of mice?

    <p>The dental formula of mice is 1 0 0 3 / I C P M / 1 0 0 3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of mouse feces and urine?

    <p>Mouse feces are firm, rice-sized, and dark brown in color. Mouse urine is clear, yellow, and has a strong odor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mice not vomit and how does it affect anesthesia and surgery?

    <p>Mice do not vomit because they lack the neural pathways for vomiting and the connection of the esophagus at the stomach prevents regurgitation. This means that feed and water are normally not withheld prior to anesthesia. However, withholding feed and water can make mice prone to dehydration and hypoglycemia, so it is important to prevent these conditions for the mouse's recovery from surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a red-filtered flashlight during a health check?

    <p>To check the activity level of mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mouse Grimace Scale used for?

    <p>To assess pain in mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the acceptable methods of euthanasia for laboratory mice?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) asphyxiation and an overdose of anesthetic gas (such as isoflurane)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the milk spot in newborn mice and what does it indicate?

    <p>The milk spot in newborn mice is a distinct white spot visible through the transparent skin on the left side of their abdomen. It indicates that the mice are healthy and nursing normally and that the mother is producing milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reproductive characteristics of mice?

    <p>Mice reach puberty at around 5-7 weeks for males and 4-5 weeks for females. The gestation period is 19-21 days and the litter size is typically 4-12. Mice are non-seasonal polyestrus, meaning they can mate throughout the year. Weaning usually occurs between 21-28 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the behavioral characteristics of mice?

    <p>Mice are nocturnal animals, with most of their activities taking place when it is dark. They have alternating periods of activity and rest during both day and night. When sleeping, a mouse may curl its head under its body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can decrease reproductive performance in a mouse colony?

    <p>Environmental factors such as constant exposure to light, loud noises, and vibrations can decrease reproductive performance in a mouse colony. Inbred mouse strains and genetically modified strains may also exhibit lower reproductive performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different methods of handling mice and their respective uses?

    <p>The different methods of handling mice include picking up by hands, tunnel handling, cup handling, and plastic restraint devices. Picking up by hands and tunnel handling are best used for transferring animals between cages, while plastic restraint devices are used for research procedures. Cup handling is a technique that involves keeping the animal in a cupped hand without restraint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different methods of individual identification for mice?

    <p>The different methods of individual identification for mice include cage cards, ear notching, ear tags, tail or toe tattoos, microchips, nontoxic color markers, and toe clipping. The use of toe clipping as a method of identification requires IACUC approval and should only be used when no other method is feasible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the recommended husbandry practices for mice?

    <p>Mice should be fed and watered ad libitum, meaning that feed and water should always be available. Standardized, nutritionally complete rodent diets are readily available from multiple vendors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of outbred stocks and inbred strains of mice?

    <p>Outbred stocks of mice are genetically diverse populations that are used for their genetic variability. Inbred strains of mice are created by breeding related individuals for many generations to produce genetically identical individuals. Outbred stocks are commonly used for general research purposes, while inbred strains are used for specific research applications that require genetic uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common types of caging systems used for mice and what are their advantages?

    <p>Solid-bottom plastic cages with bedding are commonly used in most facilities. They prevent exposure to airborne pathogens and can be used with microisolation lids to reduce moisture buildup. Ventilated caging systems provide air circulation and reduce the frequency of cage changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing enrichment for mice?

    <p>Enrichment allows mice to exhibit species-typical behaviors, make choices in their environment, and decrease stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of enrichment options for mice?

    <p>Examples of enrichment options include nesting material, hiding places, foraging material, and nutritional enrichment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some clinical signs of illness in mice?

    <p>Sick or injured mice often display similar signs regardless of the cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mice are the animal species most commonly worked with in biomedical research.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genetically modified mice are valuable in many types of research projects, including studies in genetics, cancer, and infectious diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The most widely used species of mouse in research is the common house mouse, Mus musculus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outbred stocks are bred to maintain maximum heterozygosity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inbred strains are developed by breeding unrelated individuals for many generations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hybrids are designated by combining the designations of their parents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transgenic mice can be infected with the virus that causes HIV.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mice have canine teeth and premolars.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Malocclusion in mice is a condition where the incisors do not wear down properly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mice can vomit.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Female mice have a larger anogenital distance compared to males.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The gestation length of mice is 19-21 days.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mice can be weaned at 21-28 days old.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Newborn mice are born with their eyes and ear canals closed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Female mice exposed to constant light may stop having an estrous cycle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mice are constantly active during their waking hours?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Male mice tend to be more aggressive than female mice?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fighting among mice can be increased by changes in group composition?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Barbering is a behavior where a dominant mouse overgrooms its more subordinate cagemates?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Plastic restraint devices should be used to restrain mice for procedures such as blood draws or substance administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Tunnel handling uses the mouse's natural desire to be in an enclosed tube to transport the animal between cages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Ear notching is a method of marking individual mice.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mice should be fed and watered ad libitum, meaning that feed and water is always available.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Health checks should be conducted on mice only if they show signs of illness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Opening the cage lid in an animal work station is necessary to complete a health check when enrichment items are present.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Carbon dioxide (CO2) asphyxiation is the most common method of euthanasia for laboratory mice.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Enrichment for mice is provided to exhibit species typical behavior and decrease stress.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Microisolation lids are used with solid-bottom plastic cages to prevent exposure of mice to airborne pathogens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Wire bottom cages are often used in toxicology research to minimize the mouse's exposure to experimental drugs excreted in urine or feces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Sterilized feed is generally used for mice in barrier housing to protect them from exposure to environmental microorganisms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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