Federalism and the Courts Quiz
59 Questions
20 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the supremacy clause establish in relation to federal and state law?

  • Federal law prevails over state law. (correct)
  • State law takes precedence over federal law.
  • Federal law is inferior to state law.
  • There is equal standing of federal and state law.

    • Which court serves as the highest court in the judicial hierarchy within the U.S.?

  • State Supreme Court
  • Court of Last Resort (correct)
  • Intermediate Court of Appeals
  • Circuit Court

    • Which concept represents a model of federalism in which governments work together to address issues?

  • Layer Cake Federalism
  • Delegated Federalism
  • Marble Cake Federalism
  • Cooperative Federalism (correct)

    • What is the main focus of juvenile courts?

    <p>Best Interest of the Child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) in U.S. law?

    <p>It adopted an expansive interpretation of the supremacy clause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Doctrine of Proportionality' refer to?

    <p>The expectation that punishment should match the severity of the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes 'Layer Cake Federalism'?

    <p>Federal and state governments operate separately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Crime Control Model in the criminal justice system?

    <p>Aggressive crime suppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Power of the Purse' refer to in the context of legislative bodies?

    <p>The control over government funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for federal courts to hear an appellate case?

    <p>There must be a substantial federal question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Due Process Model in the criminal justice system?

    <p>Emphasizing civil liberties and individual rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act established the first Juvenile Court in the United States?

    <p>Juvenile Court Act of 1899</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Parens Patriae' refer to in the context of the legal system?

    <p>The government's role as guardian for those in need of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is informal diversion in relation to the juvenile justice system?

    <p>The removal of a person without a criminal conviction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines juvenile delinquency?

    <p>Legal offenses committed by individuals under adult age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Preponderance of the Evidence standard involve?

    <p>The party with the most convincing evidence wins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Parole Board?

    <p>To decide on the release of prisoners on parole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines extralegal factors?

    <p>Factors that operate outside or contrary to the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'waiver' in the context of juvenile justice?

    <p>The transfer of a juvenile to adult court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of federalism emphasizes clear separation of powers between the federal and state governments?

    <p>Layer Cake Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the United States Courts of Appeals?

    <p>Hearing appeals from the United States District Courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario can a federal court hear an appellate case?

    <p>When there is a significant federal legal issue at stake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the highest court in the judicial system where no further appeal is possible?

    <p>Supreme Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Supremacy Clause establish?

    <p>Federal laws take precedence over state laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metaphor describes a blending of powers among local, state, and federal governments?

    <p>Marble Cake Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a power that legislative bodies use to control other government branches?

    <p>Power of the Purse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court is positioned between trial courts and the court of last resort?

    <p>Intermediate Court of Appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Substantial Federal Question' refer to?

    <p>A federal legal issue significant enough for appellate review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of federalism suggests that national and state governments work separately to address their issues?

    <p>Layer Cake Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of deinstitutionalization in juvenile justice?

    <p>To enhance community-based care for youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes protection of civil liberties in the justice system?

    <p>Due Process Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Doctrine of Proportionality influence sentencing?

    <p>It promotes punishments that are appropriate to the crime's nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does informal diversion aim to achieve for juveniles?

    <p>To completely remove a juvenile from the justice system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept best describes the approach of the juvenile delinquency prevention efforts since 1968?

    <p>Community-level response initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'extralegal factors' refer to?

    <p>Factors outside the law that may influence judicial outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of a Parole Board?

    <p>To determine if a prisoner can be released on parole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'Waiver' in juvenile justice?

    <p>It is the process of transferring a juvenile to adult court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the 'Sheriff' in the context of law enforcement?

    <p>The chief law enforcement officer of a county</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'Partisan Politics'?

    <p>Political decisions influenced by party interests and ideology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to a federalism model where state and local governments share responsibilities with the national government?

    <p>Marble Cake Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the United States District Courts?

    <p>To conduct trials in federal cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metaphors best describes a federalism where distinct spheres of power are maintained?

    <p>Layer Cake Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Power of the Purse' enable legislative bodies to do?

    <p>Control funding and influence other government branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of court where no further appeals can be made?

    <p>Supreme Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clause in the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law?

    <p>Supremacy Clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a federal appellate case, what must exist for it to be considered under a Substantial Federal Question?

    <p>A federal legal issue or constitutional rights violation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Court of Last Resort refer to?

    <p>The highest court without further appeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Intermediate Courts of Appeals serve in the judicial hierarchy?

    <p>They review decisions made by lower trial courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court is primarily responsible for handling federal appellate cases in the U.S.?

    <p>United States Courts of Appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Doctrine of Proportionality?

    <p>Aligning punishment severity with the seriousness of the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'parens patriae'?

    <p>The government's responsibility to act as guardian for children in need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes extralegal factors?

    <p>Factors occurring outside the established legal framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does informal diversion aim to accomplish?

    <p>To remove a juvenile from the criminal justice system without a conviction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968?

    <p>To promote community-level responses to juvenile delinquency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of waiver in juvenile justice?

    <p>It transfers a juvenile case to adult court for prosecution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the Crime Control Model?

    <p>Emphasizing aggressive crime suppression and control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of a Parole Board?

    <p>They decide the conditions under which prisoners can be released on parole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does deinstitutionalization aim to achieve?

    <p>To move individuals from institutions to community-based settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'due process model' emphasize in the justice system?

    <p>Protection of civil liberties and fair treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Federalism and the Courts

    • Supremacy Clause (Article VI): Establishes federal law's superiority over state law.
    • Circuit Courts: Intermediate appellate courts between district courts and the Supreme Court.
    • Cooperative Federalism: National, state, and local governments working together to solve problems.
    • Layer Cake Federalism: Represents separate spheres of federal and state power.
    • Marble Cake Federalism: Symbolizes the mixing of powers and resources among governments.
    • Court of Last Resort: Highest court, no further appeals.
    • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): SCOTUS decision with an expansive view of the Supremacy Clause.
    • Intermediate Court of Appeals: Appellate court between trial and Supreme Courts.
    • United States Courts of Appeals: Appellate courts for lower federal courts within 11 federal districts.
    • United States District Courts: Trial courts of general jurisdiction in the federal system.
    • Power of the Purse: Legislative control over public money, affecting government branches.
    • Separation of Powers: Vesting legislative, judicial, and executive powers in separate bodies.

    Criminal Justice and Juvenile Law

    • Best Interest of the Child: Guiding principle for juvenile courts.
    • Crime Control Model: Criminal justice system emphasizing crime suppression.
    • Deinstitutionalization: Moving residents from institutions to the community.
    • Doctrine of Proportionality: Punishment fits the crime, not too lenient or harsh.
    • Due Process Model: Criminal justice system emphasizing civil liberties.
    • Extralegal Factors: Factors outside the law.
    • Informal Diversion: Removing a person from criminal justice without a conviction.
    • Juvenile Court Act of 1899: Established America's first juvenile court.
    • Juvenile Delinquency: Juvenile violations of the law.
    • Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act of 1968: Federal law promoting community responses to delinquency.
    • Parens Patriae: Government's power to care for those needing supervision (especially children).
    • Parole Board: Panel deciding if prisoners can be released on parole.
    • Partisan Politics: Political decision-making guided by party interests.
    • Policy: Guiding principles of an organization.
    • Politicized: Making something political.
    • Politics: Activities of government and public debates surrounding them.
    • Preponderance of Evidence: Evidentiary standard in civil cases, most convincing evidence wins.
    • Sheriff: Chief law enforcement officer of a county (originated in feudal England).
    • Substantial Federal Question: Necessary for federal courts to hear appellate cases.
    • Static: Unchanging.
    • Waiver: Transferring a juvenile to adult court, denying special treatment.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the complex relationship between federalism and the judiciary. This quiz covers key concepts such as the Supremacy Clause, types of courts, and landmark cases like Gibbons v. Ogden. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of how federal and state powers interact.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser