Cellular Immune Response I: FDA Approval of CAR T Cell Therapy 'Yescarta'

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What happens to the frequency of naive T cells specific for an antigen after antigen exposure?

It increases to 1 in 3 CD8+ T cells and 1 in 100 CD4+ T cells (correct)

It decreases significantly

It increases to 1 in 10 CD8+ T cells and 1 in 50 CD4+ T cells

It remains the same

What do effector CD4+ cells do?

Do not participate in immune responses

Express surface molecules and secrete cytokines that activate other cells (correct)

Secrete cytokines that kill infected cells

Express surface molecules to inactivate other cells

What is the function of effector CD8+ cells?

Act as memory cells

Help in the differentiation of naive T cells

Kill infected cells (correct)

Secrete cytokines to activate other immune cells

What is the result of T cell-mediated immune responses to an antigen?

Generation of memory T cells specific for that antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Edward Jenner's classic smallpox vaccination experiment?

It demonstrated the importance of generating memory cells on initial antigen exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of clonal expansion of lymphocytes?

All progeny share the same antigen specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the prolonged survival of memory T cells?

Increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) Signup and view all the answers

What allows memory T cells to respond more rapidly to antigen stimulation than naive cells specific for the same antigen?

Increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Signup and view all the answers

How do memory T cells contribute to the immune system's homeostasis?

By undergoing slow proliferation in the absence of antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which factor triggers apoptosis of T cells leading to the decline of T cell responses?

Activation of sensors of cellular stress like Bim Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the contraction of the T cell response upon elimination of antigen?

Cessation of growth factor production (IL-2) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about memory T cells is accurate?

The number of memory T cells specific for an antigen is less than naive cells specific for the same antigen Signup and view all the answers

What technology is utilized in Yescarta therapy for treating certain types of large B-cell lymphoma?

CAR T Cells Signup and view all the answers

Where do dendritic cells capture protein antigens to initiate T-cell responses?

Resident in Epithelia Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD28:B7 interaction in T cell activation?

Enhancing T cell survival Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor, when engaged, influences the balance of T cell activation by acting as an inhibitory receptor?

CTLA-4 Signup and view all the answers

How does the 2nd signal(s) for T cell activation work in conjunction with antigen recognition?

Stimulates T cell responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CTLA-4 in relation to T cell activation?

Inhibit initial T cell activation Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and transplant rejection by targeting costimulation pathways?

CTLA-4-Ig Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is critical for helper T cell-dependent antibody responses during T cell activation?

ICOS:ICOS-ligand Signup and view all the answers

Which surface molecule is commonly referred to as IL-2Rα?

CD25 Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type primarily produces IL-2 early after antigen recognition and co-stimulation?

CD4+ T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of IL-2 in T cell activation?

Stimulation of T cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cytokines is not influenced by IL-2 production?

TNF-α Signup and view all the answers

What is the process known as when T cells undergo rapid proliferation resulting in an increased number of antigen-specific clones?

Clonal expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of regulatory T cells in relation to IL-2?

IL-2 is required for the survival and function of regulatory T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of memory T cells that allows them to respond more rapidly to antigen stimulation than naive cells specific for the same antigen?

Undergo slow proliferation in the presence of antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for triggering apoptosis of T cells and contributes to the decline of T cell responses?

Bim Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that contributes to the prolonged survival of memory T cells?

Increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is crucial for the maintenance of memory T cells but does not require constant antigen recognition?

IL-7 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the number of memory T cells specific for an antigen compared to the number of naive cells specific for the same antigen?

Memory T cells are fewer in number Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes memory T cells from naive T cells in their ability to respond to antigens at peripheral tissues?

Ability to migrate to peripheral tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of IL-2 early after antigen recognition and co-stimulation?

Activated T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate frequency of naive T cells specific for any antigen before antigen exposure?

1 in 1,000,000 T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells do effector CD8+ cells primarily target and kill?

Infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of memory T cells in the immune system?

Responding more rapidly to antigen stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of T cell-mediated immune responses to an antigen?

Generation of memory T cells specific for that antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is primarily responsible for capturing protein antigens to initiate T-cell responses?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which surface molecule is expressed by T cells after activation and functions as a receptor for IL-2?

CD25 (IL-2Rα) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IL-2 in T cell activation?

Promoting the survival and proliferation of T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following surface molecules is an inhibitory receptor that influences the balance of T cell activation?

CTLA-4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the contraction of the T cell response upon elimination of antigen?

Apoptosis of activated T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is critical for helper T cell-dependent antibody responses during T cell activation?

CD40L:CD40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 2nd signal(s) for T cell activation in conjunction with antigen recognition?

Promoting the survival and proliferation of T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendritic cells in initiating T-cell responses?

They are the most effective APCs for initiating primary T-cell responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CTLA-4 in relation to T cell activation?

It inhibits the initial activation of T cells in secondary lymphoid organs Signup and view all the answers

What technology is utilized in Yescarta therapy for treating certain types of large B-cell lymphoma?

CAR T cells – genetically engineered T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of IL-2 in T cell activation?

It is a growth factor that supports the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated T cells Signup and view all the answers

What interaction is critical for helper T cell-dependent antibody responses during T cell activation?

ICOS:ICOS-ligand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CD28 in T cell activation?

It works in cooperation with antigen recognition to promote the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the specific T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the contraction of the T cell response upon elimination of antigen?

The IL-2 production ceases Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type primarily produces IL-2 early after antigen recognition and co-stimulation?

Naïve T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the prolonged survival of memory T cells?

Homeostatic proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector CD8+ cells?

Killing virus-infected cells and tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

Cellular Immune Response I: FDA Approval of CAR T Cell Therapy 'Yescarta'

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the frequency of naive T cells specific for an antigen after antigen exposure?

What do effector CD4+ cells do?

What is the function of effector CD8+ cells?

What is the result of T cell-mediated immune responses to an antigen?

What is the significance of Edward Jenner's classic smallpox vaccination experiment?

What is the key feature of clonal expansion of lymphocytes?

What is responsible for the prolonged survival of memory T cells?

What allows memory T cells to respond more rapidly to antigen stimulation than naive cells specific for the same antigen?

How do memory T cells contribute to the immune system's homeostasis?

Which factor triggers apoptosis of T cells leading to the decline of T cell responses?

What is the main reason for the contraction of the T cell response upon elimination of antigen?

Which statement about memory T cells is accurate?

What technology is utilized in Yescarta therapy for treating certain types of large B-cell lymphoma?

Where do dendritic cells capture protein antigens to initiate T-cell responses?

What is the role of CD28:B7 interaction in T cell activation?

Which receptor, when engaged, influences the balance of T cell activation by acting as an inhibitory receptor?

How does the 2nd signal(s) for T cell activation work in conjunction with antigen recognition?

What is the primary function of CTLA-4 in relation to T cell activation?

Which therapy is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and transplant rejection by targeting costimulation pathways?

Which interaction is critical for helper T cell-dependent antibody responses during T cell activation?

Which surface molecule is commonly referred to as IL-2Rα?

Which cell type primarily produces IL-2 early after antigen recognition and co-stimulation?

What is the main function of IL-2 in T cell activation?

Which of the following cytokines is not influenced by IL-2 production?

What is the process known as when T cells undergo rapid proliferation resulting in an increased number of antigen-specific clones?

Which of the following best describes the function of regulatory T cells in relation to IL-2?

What is a key characteristic of memory T cells that allows them to respond more rapidly to antigen stimulation than naive cells specific for the same antigen?

Which protein is responsible for triggering apoptosis of T cells and contributes to the decline of T cell responses?

What is the main factor that contributes to the prolonged survival of memory T cells?

Which cytokine is crucial for the maintenance of memory T cells but does not require constant antigen recognition?

What happens to the number of memory T cells specific for an antigen compared to the number of naive cells specific for the same antigen?

Which characteristic distinguishes memory T cells from naive T cells in their ability to respond to antigens at peripheral tissues?

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of IL-2 early after antigen recognition and co-stimulation?

What is the approximate frequency of naive T cells specific for any antigen before antigen exposure?

Which type of cells do effector CD8+ cells primarily target and kill?

What is the primary role of memory T cells in the immune system?

What is the outcome of T cell-mediated immune responses to an antigen?

Which cell type is primarily responsible for capturing protein antigens to initiate T-cell responses?

Which surface molecule is expressed by T cells after activation and functions as a receptor for IL-2?

What is the primary function of IL-2 in T cell activation?

Which of the following surface molecules is an inhibitory receptor that influences the balance of T cell activation?

What is the main reason for the contraction of the T cell response upon elimination of antigen?

Which interaction is critical for helper T cell-dependent antibody responses during T cell activation?

What is the role of the 2nd signal(s) for T cell activation in conjunction with antigen recognition?

What is the role of dendritic cells in initiating T-cell responses?

What is the primary function of CTLA-4 in relation to T cell activation?

What technology is utilized in Yescarta therapy for treating certain types of large B-cell lymphoma?

What is the main function of IL-2 in T cell activation?

What interaction is critical for helper T cell-dependent antibody responses during T cell activation?

What is the primary function of CD28 in T cell activation?

What is the main reason for the contraction of the T cell response upon elimination of antigen?

Which cell type primarily produces IL-2 early after antigen recognition and co-stimulation?

What is responsible for the prolonged survival of memory T cells?

What is the function of effector CD8+ cells?

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