Faults and Earthquakes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for knowing about active and inactive faults?

  • To understand weather patterns.
  • To prevent severe destruction during earthquakes. (correct)
  • To study animal behaviors during earthquakes.
  • To build more structures along fault lines.

    • What does PHIVOLCS recommend regarding construction near fault lines?

  • Construction should only occur above the epicenter.
  • It is safe to build significant structures on fault lines.
  • Buildings can be designed to withstand earthquakes on fault lines.
  • No significant structures should be built on fault lines. (correct)

    • Which term describes a break or fracture on the Earth’s surface?

  • Focus
  • Magnitude
  • Fault (correct)
  • Intensity

    • What is meant by the term 'magnitude' in the context of earthquakes?

    <p>The strength of the earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'epicenter' of an earthquake refers to which of the following?

    <p>The location directly above the focus on the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'friction' refer to in the context of tectonic plates?

    <p>The force that keeps the rocks in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically the immediate community response when an earthquake occurs?

    <p>Evacuate to safer areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the effects of an earthquake?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fault in the context of earthquakes?

    <p>A break in the Earth's crust where significant movement has taken place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between faults and earthquakes?

    <p>Earthquakes occur due to sudden movements along faults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'epicenter' refer to in an earthquake?

    <p>The location on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes earthquake magnitude from intensity?

    <p>Magnitude measures the energy released, while intensity measures the effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Pacific Ring of Fire in relation to earthquakes?

    <p>It is an area known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is an example of the potential impact of a strong earthquake?

    <p>Destruction of historical sites and infrastructure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are active faults characterized by?

    <p>They are likely to produce earthquakes in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the devastation in Cebu and Bohol in 2013?

    <p>A strong earthquake that caused considerable infrastructure damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the Philippine Fault Zone?

    <p>A major tectonic feature that is a left-lateral strike slip fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of friction in the process of generating earthquakes according to the described model?

    <p>It keeps the rocks stuck together until a certain energy threshold is reached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake?

    <p>The focus is underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above it on the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the strong ground motion during the 2013 earthquake in Cebu and Bohol?

    <p>An upward movement from the North Bohol fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process known as when rocks suddenly slip after being stuck due to friction?

    <p>Stick and slip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the Philippine archipelago does the Philippine Fault Zone not cross?

    <p>Western Mindanao</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the seismic waves when an earthquake occurs?

    <p>They travel outward from the earthquake’s focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of the slip in the stick and slip process?

    <p>An earthquake is generated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of S-waves distinguishes their motion?

    <p>They travel in a side to side motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic wave is described as the slowest and most destructive?

    <p>Surface waves (L-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do surface waves move compared to ocean waves?

    <p>They move similar to how ocean waves travel up and down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are comets primarily made of?

    <p>Icy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of their size and shape, comets and asteroids share which of the following traits?

    <p>They exhibit irregular shapes and varied sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between comets and asteroids?

    <p>Comets contain ice, whereas asteroids are rocky fragments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to refer to both comets and asteroids in astronomical terms?

    <p>Near-Earth Objects (NEO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonality do comets and asteroids share regarding their origin?

    <p>They are remnants from the formation of our solar system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the famous comet that can be seen from Earth every 75 to 76 years?

    <p>Comet Halley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for a 'shooting star'?

    <p>Meteor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Asteroid Belt?

    <p>It is an area between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids are found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a meteorite?

    <p>Remains of meteoroids that hit the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a comet?

    <p>Icy ball of rock that displays a coma, a fuzzy temporary atmosphere, or a tail when it travels close to the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do scientists study comets?

    <p>They provide information on how the Earth obtained liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would global temperature of the Earth drop when struck by a massive asteroid?

    <p>The resulting cloud would block out sunlight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When objects strike a surface of a planet, they leave a deep impression called __________.

    <p>Crater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Faults and Earthquakes

    • A fault is a break in the Earth's crust where movement has taken place
    • The Philippine Fault Zone is a 1200-km long fault that spans the Philippines from Luzon to Mindanao
    • Frictional forces hold rocks in place and prevent movement
    • Earthquakes occur when friction is overcome and the rocks suddenly slip along the fault
    • The focus or hypocenter of an earthquake is the point underground where rocks initially move
    • Seismic waves radiate outwards from the focus
    • The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus
    • Surface waves, also known as L-waves, are the slowest and most destructive waves

    Active and Inactive Faults

    • Active faults are faults that have moved in the recent past and are likely to move again
    • Inactive faults are faults that have not moved in recent geological time and may or may not move again
    • It is important to identify active faults as they pose a significant risk of earthquakes
    • Structures should not be built in areas prone to earthquake activity

    Intensity and Magnitude

    • Magnitude is the strength of an earthquake, measured by a seismograph
    • Intensity is the perceived shaking at a given location
    • Earthquakes can have the same magnitude but varying intensity depending on location

    Preventing Destruction from Earthquakes

    • Knowing the location of faults is crucial to prevent destruction from earthquakes
    • Structures should not be built on active fault lines
    • PHIVOLCS has mapped out the fault lines in the Philippines

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    Related Documents

    Q2 SCI-8 Module 1: Faults and Earthquakes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of faults, earthquakes, and their characteristics. Learn about the Philippine Fault Zone, the differences between active and inactive faults, and how seismic waves cause destruction. Test your knowledge on the focus, epicenter, and types of waves involved in seismic activity.

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