30 Questions
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids?
Cytosol
What is the end product of fatty acid biosynthesis?
Palmitate
Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of malonyl CoA?
Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)
What is the function of the Citrate Transport System in fatty acid biosynthesis?
Transport of Acetyl CoA into the cytosol
Which molecule is required for the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis?
Acetyl CoA
What is the main source of Acetyl CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis?
Glycolysis
What is the role of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) in fatty acid biosynthesis?
Assembly of the fatty acid chain
Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of Malonyl CoA from Acetyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
What is the major source of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of the fatty acid chain in mammalian cells?
Fatty Acid Synthase
Which subunit of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) contains a Phosphopantetheine prosthetic group?
Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)
Which step in fatty acid synthesis is considered the committed step?
Formation of Malonyl CoA from Acetyl CoA
How many turns of the fatty acid synthesis cycle are required to synthesize a C16 palmitate?
7
What is the net equation for fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA + Malonyl-CoA + ATP + NADPH + H+ -> Palmitate + CoA + ADP + Pi + NADP+ + CO2 + H2O
Which enzyme is responsible for the mobilization of fatty acids from triacylglycerols?
Adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL)
Which organelle is primarily involved in the oxidation of fatty acids?
Mitochondria
Which carbon is oxidized through a series of reactions during fatty acid oxidation?
Beta carbon
Which pathway involves the sequential removal of 2 carbon units (Acetyl CoA) from the carboxyl terminal of fatty acids?
Mitochondrial beta-oxidation
Which pathway involves the oxidation of very long (17-26 carbon) fatty acids beginning in peroxisomes?
Peroxisomal beta-oxidation
Which pathway involves the oxidation of the carboxyl terminal carbon, releasing it as CO2?
Alpha-oxidation
Which pathway involves the oxidation of the omega carbon to form a dicarboxylic acid?
Omega-oxidation
Which statement is true about the storage of fatty acids compared to carbohydrates?
Fatty acids are stored in a more reduced state than carbohydrates
What is the primary source of energy in most organisms?
Stored lipids
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of longer fatty acid chains in the ER or microsomes and in mitochondria?
Microsomal Δ9 Desaturase
Which of the following is true about the nomenclature of fatty acids?
In mammals, double bonds can be introduced only up to the Δ9 position
Which of the following is true about essential fatty acids?
They must be obtained from plant sources
Which enzyme is required for the synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in eukaryotes?
Elongase
What is the main factor regulating the rate of lipogenesis?
Excess glucose
What happens to fats during starvation or in diabetes patients?
They are broken down into fatty acids for energy production
What triggers the secretion of epinephrine and glucagon for the mobilization of fats from adipose tissues?
Low energy/blood glucose
Test your knowledge on fatty acid synthesis and regulation with this quiz. Learn about the key enzymes involved, the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and where synthesis occurs in the cell.
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