Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of fatty acids in the body?
What is the primary source of fatty acids in the body?
Before degradation, fatty acids are activated by acylation to which compound?
Before degradation, fatty acids are activated by acylation to which compound?
How many ATP equivalents are consumed during the activation of fatty acids?
How many ATP equivalents are consumed during the activation of fatty acids?
Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids primarily occur?
Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids primarily occur?
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Which molecule is responsible for transferring acyl groups during beta-oxidation?
Which molecule is responsible for transferring acyl groups during beta-oxidation?
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What is the main product generated from the degradation of acyl-CoA during beta-oxidation?
What is the main product generated from the degradation of acyl-CoA during beta-oxidation?
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What type of fatty acids yields propionyl-CoA upon oxidation?
What type of fatty acids yields propionyl-CoA upon oxidation?
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What drives the reaction for the activation of fatty acids?
What drives the reaction for the activation of fatty acids?
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What enzyme is responsible for converting Methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl CoA?
What enzyme is responsible for converting Methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl CoA?
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Which statement is true regarding the energy yield from unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated fatty acids?
Which statement is true regarding the energy yield from unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated fatty acids?
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What is the role of NADPH in fatty acid oxidation?
What is the role of NADPH in fatty acid oxidation?
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Where does the oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids primarily occur?
Where does the oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids primarily occur?
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During the beta oxidation of fatty acids, which molecule is used to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria?
During the beta oxidation of fatty acids, which molecule is used to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria?
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Which of the following fatty acids undergoes chain shortening in the peroxisomes?
Which of the following fatty acids undergoes chain shortening in the peroxisomes?
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What by-product is produced when electrons from very long-chain fatty acids are transferred directly to molecular oxygen?
What by-product is produced when electrons from very long-chain fatty acids are transferred directly to molecular oxygen?
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In which cycle is Succinyl CoA involved?
In which cycle is Succinyl CoA involved?
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Study Notes
Fatty Acid Degradation
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Fatty acids are the primary source of energy from triacylglycerols.
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Fatty acids are activated before they are degraded, requiring two ATP equivalents.
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Activated fatty acids are acylated to CoA, a process catalyzed by fatty acyl CoA synthetase.
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Beta oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
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Acyl groups are transferred via carnitine.
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Each round of beta oxidation consists of four reactions:
- Oxidation (FAD)
- Hydration
- Oxidation (NAD+)
- Thiolysis (CoA)
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Beta oxidation results in the degradation of acyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA.
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Odd-chain fatty acids yield propionyl-CoA.
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Propionyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA through a series of reactions:
- Carboxylation to methylmalonyl-CoA
- Isomerization by methylmalonyl mutase to succinyl-CoA
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Unsaturated fatty acids yield less energy than saturated fatty acids because NADPH is used and QH2 is bypassed.
Peroxisomes
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Peroxisomes are involved in the degradation of very long chain fatty acids and branched-chain fatty acids.
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Very long chain fatty acids undergo chain shortening in peroxisomes.
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Electrons are transferred directly to molecular oxygen in peroxisomes, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is broken down by catalase.
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Description
Explore the mechanisms of fatty acid degradation, including β-oxidation, acyl-CoA activation, and the role of peroxisomes. Learn how different types of fatty acids yield varying energy levels and the biochemical pathways involved in converting propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This quiz will test your understanding of these key metabolic processes.