Fat-Soluble Vitamins Overview

Questions and Answers

All fat soluble vitamins have the potential for _____ due to their ability to be stored in the body for long periods of time.

toxicity

Absorption of fat soluble vitamins are dependent on the body's ability to absorb _______.

dietary fat

Clients with what diseases are at risk for deficiency?

Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, intestinal bypass

Clients with ______ disease should be careful not to take more than the recommended amount because of the buildup of fat soluble vitamins.

liver Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin A contributes to

vision health, tissue strength and growth, embryonic development Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin deficiency results in

vision changes, xerophthalmia, changes in the epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Food sources of Vitamin A are

fish liver oils, egg yolks, butter, cream, dark yellow/orange fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D contributes to

utilization of calcium and phosphorus, aids in skin repair Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D deficiency results in

bone demineralization, rickets Signup and view all the answers

Excess consumption of vitamin D can result in

hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

Sunlight enables the body to

synthesize vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D food sources are

fortified milk, cod liver oil, eggs Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin E contributes to

preserve muscles and red blood cells, maintain the myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin E deficiency results in

hemolytic anemia, affects nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin E food sources are

vegetable oils and certain nuts Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin K contributes to

blood clotting and bone maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin K deficiency results in

increased bleeding time Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin K food sources are

some oils, liver, leafy green vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin K is used as an antidote for

excess anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins are organic substances that are required in ______.

minute quantities Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins become part of your body structure.

False Signup and view all the answers

People who take vitamins should limit their intake to ________ of the RDA in a multivitamin product.

150% Signup and view all the answers

People for whom synthetic vitamins in fortified foods or supplements are recommended are

women capable of becoming pregnant and individuals older than 50 years old Signup and view all the answers

Deficiency in vitamin D causes what?

rickets Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are water soluble?

B, C Signup and view all the answers

The vitamin that is essential to the synthesis of blood clotting factors is

vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

Which of the food groups would be the best sources of carotene?

apricots, cantaloupe, squash Signup and view all the answers

In general, individuals who elect to take a vitamin supplement should

limit the amount to 150% of the RDA levels Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins are organic substances required for _______ reactions.

enzymatic Signup and view all the answers

There are 2 classes of vitamins.

True Signup and view all the answers

Water soluble makes up which vitamins?

vitamins C and the B complex Signup and view all the answers

Fat soluble makes up which vitamins?

A, D, E, K Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins yield usable energy for the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin C aids in

tissue building, metabolic reactions, collagen formation, iron absorption Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin C is found in

citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, strawberries Signup and view all the answers

_____ and illness increase the need for vitamin C.

stress Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin C deficiency results in

scurvy, hemorrhagic disease Signup and view all the answers

Sources of B vitamins almost always include ______ unprocessed or enriched grains.

leafy green vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Thiamin B1 aids in

proper digestion, peristalsis, provides energy to smooth muscles Signup and view all the answers

Thiamin deficiency results in

beriberi, gastrointestinal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Thiamin is found in

almost all plant and animal tissues, especially meat, grains, legumes Signup and view all the answers

Riboflavin B2 aids in

growth and tissue healing Signup and view all the answers

Riboflavin deficiency results in

cheilosis, dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Riboflavin is found in

milk, meats, green leafy vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Niacin B3 aids in

metabolism of fats, glucose, alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Niacin deficiency results in

pellagra, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Niacin is found in

beef liver, nuts, legumes, whole grain Signup and view all the answers

Pantothenic acid B5 aids in

biological reactions, energy production Signup and view all the answers

Pantothenic acid deficiency results in

anemia, CNS changes Signup and view all the answers

Pantothenic acid is found in

organ meats, egg yolk, avocados, nuts, brown rice Signup and view all the answers

Pyridoxine B6 aids in

cellular function, synthesis of hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Pyridoxine deficiency results in

anemia and CNS disturbances Signup and view all the answers

Pyridoxine is found in

widespread food sources, organ meats, and grains Signup and view all the answers

_____ intake of supplements may cause sensory neuropathy.

high Signup and view all the answers

Biotin aids in

coenzyme used in fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Biotin deficiency results in

rare, neurological symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Biotin is found in

eggs, milk, dark leafy green vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Folate aids in (folic acid is the synthetic form)

hemoglobin and amino acid synthesis, cellular reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Folate deficiency results in

megaloblastic anemia, CNS disturbances Signup and view all the answers

Folate is found in

liver, dark leafy green vegetables, citrus fruit Signup and view all the answers

Cobalamin aids in

production of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Cobalamin deficiency results in

pernicious anemia, neurological symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Cobalamin is found in

beef liver, shellfish, fortified grains Signup and view all the answers

Clients who are unable to be out in sunlight can increase their intake of vitamin D by consuming

eggs and fortified milk Signup and view all the answers

An older adult prescribed warfarin should limit the intake of

broccoli Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity due to long storage in the body.
Absorption of these vitamins requires dietary fat.
Risk of deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins is heightened in individuals with Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or those who have undergone intestinal bypass surgery.
Liver disease patients must avoid exceeding the recommended intake of fat-soluble vitamins because of potential buildup.

Vitamin A

Essential for vision, tissue growth, and embryonic development.
Deficiency results in vision changes, xerophthalmia, and epithelial cell alterations.
Rich food sources include fish liver oils, egg yolks, butter, cream, and yellow/orange vegetables like carrots and squash.

Vitamin D

Vital for calcium and phosphorus utilization and assists in skin repair.
Deficiency can lead to bone demineralization and, in severe cases, rickets.
Excessive intake may result in hypercalcemia.
Synthesized in the body through sunlight exposure.
Found in fortified milk, cod liver oil, and eggs.

Vitamin E

Preserves muscles, red blood cells, and maintains the myelin sheath.
Deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and nerve fiber damage affecting movement and vision.
Found in vegetable oils and certain nuts.

Vitamin K

Crucial for blood clotting and bone maintenance.
Deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding times.
Food sources include oils, liver, and leafy green vegetables like spinach and broccoli.
Acts as an antidote to excess anticoagulants like warfarin.

General Vitamin Facts

Vitamins are organic substances necessary in minute quantities for physiological functions.
They do not become part of the body structure and should not exceed 150% of the RDA in supplements.
Recommended for women of childbearing age and individuals over 50 to take synthetic vitamins from fortified foods.

Water-Soluble vs Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins include B complex and vitamin C.
Fat-soluble vitamins consist of A, D, E, and K.
Vitamins do not provide usable energy for the body.

Vitamin C

Aids in tissue building, metabolic reactions, collagen formation, and iron absorption.
Found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, and green leafy vegetables.
Deficiency causes scurvy, leading to bleeding, joint pain, and weak bones.

B Vitamins Overview

These include thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin, folate, and cobalamin (B12).
B vitamins support various metabolic and physiological functions, including energy production and blood cell synthesis.

Deficiency Effects

Thiamin deficiency can lead to beriberi with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms.
Riboflavin deficiency presents as cheilosis and dermatitis.
Niacin deficiency results in pellagra, characterized by skin lesions and dysfunction.
Deficiency in folate leads to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in pregnancy.
Cobalamin deficiency primarily affects red blood cell production and can cause pernicious anemia, especially in strict vegetarians.

Important Sources

Thiamin: meat, grains, legumes.
Riboflavin: dairy, meats, green vegetables.
Niacin: beef liver, nuts, legumes, and enriched grains.
Pantothenic acid: organs, eggs, avocados.
Pyridoxine: organ meats, grains.
Biotin: eggs, milk, dark leafy greens.
Folate: liver, green veggies, citrus fruits.
Cobalamin: beef liver, shellfish, fortified grains.

Special Considerations

Stress and illness increase vitamin C needs.
Clients unable to absorb sunlight should consider eggs and fortified milk to boost vitamin D levels.
Those on anticoagulants should moderate intake of vitamin K-rich foods like broccoli.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers fat-soluble vitamins, specifically Vitamin A and D. It discusses their functions, sources, deficiencies, and the risk of toxicity. Ideal for individuals studying nutrition or health sciences.