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Questions and Answers
What is a common side effect of antibiotics that could indicate a superinfection?
What is a common side effect of antibiotics that could indicate a superinfection?
What is the main purpose of ordering a culture and sensitivity test before starting antibiotic therapy?
What is the main purpose of ordering a culture and sensitivity test before starting antibiotic therapy?
Which of the following medications is specifically indicated for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Which of the following medications is specifically indicated for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is a significant concern when administering vancomycin to a patient?
What is a significant concern when administering vancomycin to a patient?
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What side effect is commonly associated with high doses of niacin (B3) used to treat hyperlipidemia?
What side effect is commonly associated with high doses of niacin (B3) used to treat hyperlipidemia?
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Which vitamin is crucial for blood clotting and can be an antidote for warfarin?
Which vitamin is crucial for blood clotting and can be an antidote for warfarin?
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What is the primary action of antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV?
What is the primary action of antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV?
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What condition is associated with a deficiency in vitamin C?
What condition is associated with a deficiency in vitamin C?
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Which B-vitamin is critical for preventing fetal neural tube defects?
Which B-vitamin is critical for preventing fetal neural tube defects?
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What is a significant risk when taking iron supplements?
What is a significant risk when taking iron supplements?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for antivirals?
What is the primary mechanism of action for antivirals?
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Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of vancomycin?
Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of vancomycin?
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Which antibiotic is known for the side effect of orange discoloration of body fluids?
Which antibiotic is known for the side effect of orange discoloration of body fluids?
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What is the typical dosage for vancomycin administration?
What is the typical dosage for vancomycin administration?
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Which of the following is a common side effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?
Which of the following is a common side effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?
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What is the recommended administration method for vancomycin to avoid red-man syndrome?
What is the recommended administration method for vancomycin to avoid red-man syndrome?
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Which antiviral medication is particularly effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV)?
Which antiviral medication is particularly effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV)?
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What is the primary use of nitrofurantoin?
What is the primary use of nitrofurantoin?
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What is the main purpose of antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients?
What is the main purpose of antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients?
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Which of these is a precaution for patients on ganciclovir?
Which of these is a precaution for patients on ganciclovir?
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What is a common assessment for a patient taking sulfonamides?
What is a common assessment for a patient taking sulfonamides?
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What is true about the dosing schedule of antiretroviral medications?
What is true about the dosing schedule of antiretroviral medications?
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What can be a side effect when combining rifampin with another anti-tuberculin medication?
What can be a side effect when combining rifampin with another anti-tuberculin medication?
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Study Notes
Fat Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the body for a long time, posing a risk of toxicity.
- Vitamin A is crucial for vision, skeletal and soft tissue development, and strength.
- Food sources include orange/yellow fruits and vegetables, fatty fish, eggs, and dairy.
- Deficiency can cause vision problems like xerophthalmia.
- Vitamin D (calcitriol, ergocalciferol) is used to treat hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency.
- Food sources include canned fish, cereals, and fortified milk.
- Deficiency can cause rickets and osteomalacia.
- Vitamin E (tocopherols) acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells.
- Found in vegetable oils, nuts, whole grains, and dark green vegetables.
- Deficiency is rare but can cause muscle pain, weakness, poor balance, and anemia.
- Vitamin K (phytonadione) is essential for blood clotting and bone maintenance.
- Sources include dark green vegetables, eggs, fish, and liver.
- Deficiency leads to increased bleeding time.
- Vitamin K assists in blood clotting and bone maintenance.
Water Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) facilitates tissue building, metabolism, and iron absorption.
- It's found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables, and peppers.
- Deficiency results in scurvy, with symptoms like bleeding, joint pain, and swollen gums.
- Intake should be increased during stress or illness.
- B-complex vitamins are involved in metabolism, energy, and nerve function.
- Food sources include meats, milk, legumes, enriched grains, and green leafy vegetables.
- Thiamin (B1) deficiency can cause beriberi, affecting nerves and the heart, and is commonly associated with alcohol abuse.
- Niacin (B3) is another essential B vitamin.
Trace Minerals
- Iron (ferrous sulfate, iron dextran) is a crucial component of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
- It treats iron deficiency anemia.
- Sources include meats, fish, grains, and legumes.
- Iron supplements can cause gastrointestinal upset (constipation, stomach upset)
- Caution with high doses, especially for children.
- Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, found in table salt and seafood.
- Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents cavities, and is found in water.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. You'll learn about their functions, food sources, and the consequences of deficiencies. Brush up on your knowledge of these vital nutrients and their impact on health.
