Fast Food Nation Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the JR Simplot plant in Aberdeen process?

  • 500,000 potatoes a day
  • 2,000,000 potatoes a day
  • 750,000 potatoes a day
  • 1,000,000 potatoes a day (correct)

    • Which county grows more potatoes than any other county in Idaho?

    Bingham County

    Who is John Richard Simplot?

    America's potato baron; built an empire based on french fries.

    What was the purpose of the Snake River Reclamation project?

    <p>To offer cheap water for irrigation to convert desert into farmland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is used to sort potatoes?

    <p>Shaker sorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Idaho an ideal location for a potato farm?

    <p>Altitude, warm days, cool nights, light volcanic soil, and abundance of irrigation water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was JR Simplot's landlord?

    <p>Lindsay Maggart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Burbank Corporation use to make dehydrated onions?

    <p>Prune dryers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Gold Dust?

    <p>Dehydrated onions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known for freezing foods in the 1920s?

    <p>Clarence Birdseye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decade was referred to as the Golden Age of Food Processing?

    <p>The 1950s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who mentioned that the 1950s was the Golden Age of Food Processing?

    <p>Harvey Levenstein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the team that created frozen french fries?

    <p>Ray Dunlap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ray Kroc say about the french fry?

    <p>It was sacrosanct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe JR Simplot.

    <p>He is a multi-billionaire, wears cowboy boots and blue jeans, eats at McDonald's, and drives Mr. Spud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the nation's leading producer of fries?

    <p>Lamb Weston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Canadian firm became the #2 fry company after buying Ore-Ida?

    <p>McCain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What three companies control the American market for french fries and by what percent: JR Simplot, Lamb Weston, and McCain; ___ percent.

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Paul Peterson describe the current market for potatoes?

    <p>An oligopsony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For every __ spent on a large order of fries, the farmer earns about __.

    <p>1.50; 2 cents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What company produces machinery manufactured in Idaho?

    <p>Spudnik</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over the past __ years, Idaho has lost about how much of its potato farms?

    <p>25; half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Potato Growers of Idaho?

    <p>Supplies market information to farmers and helps them negotiate contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who thinks forming a co-op may be the last hope for Idaho's potato farmers?

    <p>Bert Moulton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fallacy of composition?

    <p>A mistaken belief that what seems good for an individual will still be good when others do the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who says that America's agricultural economy resembles an hourglass?

    <p>William Heffernan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does McDonald's cook its fries in?

    <p>a mixture of about 7 percent cottonseed oil and 93 percent beef tallow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are both natural and artificial flavors?

    <p>they are both man-made and have chemical additives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of the money that Americans spend on food is used to buy processed food?

    <p>90 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What runs through the heart of the flavor industry?

    <p>New Jersey Turnpike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the world's largest flavor company?

    <p>International Flavors and Fragrances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the world's second-largest flavor company?

    <p>Givaudan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smell can account for __% of taste.

    <p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the best-selling, fine perfumes does IFF manufacture?

    <p>six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic tastes?

    <p>sweet, sour, bitter, salty, astringent, umami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of taste do babies like and what type do they not like?

    <p>They like sweet tastes and reject bitter ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Christopher Columbus set sail to find seasoning?

    <p>1492</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did the flavor industry want advice from?

    <p>Perfume industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Methyl anthranilate?

    <p>One of the first artificial flavors; smells like grapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual revenue of the American flavor industry?

    <p>$1.4 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ new processed food products are introduced every year in the United States; and how many of them require flavor additives; and how many of them fail?

    <p>10,000; almost all of them require flavor additives; 9 out of 10 fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the human nose sensitive?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the FDA require flavor companies to disclose the ingredients of their additives?

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural flavors must be derived from natural sources.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do natural and artificial flavors contain the same chemicals?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is a natural flavor healthier than artificial flavors?

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Universal TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer?

    <p>Performs calculations based on data derived from 25 separate probes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lamb Weston has a production capacity __ times (larger/smaller) than the Simplot plant.

    <p>3, larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Red Arrow Products Company specialize in?

    <p>Smoke flavor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is a senior flavorist at IFF?

    <p>Brian Grainger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded Lamb Weston?

    <p>F. Gilbert Lamb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Lamb Water Gun Knife do?

    <p>Uses a high-pressure hose to shoot potatoes at a speed of 117 feet per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lamb Weston now manufactures more than ____ different types of french fries.

    <p>130</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the plant manager of Lamb Weston?

    <p>Bud Mandeville</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Potato Production and Key Figures

    • Aberdeen processes approximately 1,000,000 potatoes daily at the JR Simplot plant.
    • Bingham County is the leading potato-growing county in Idaho.
    • Idaho's ideal potato farming conditions include high altitude, warm days, cool nights, light volcanic soil, and abundant irrigation, facilitating the growth of Russet Burbank potatoes.
    • Over the past 25 years, Idaho has lost half of its potato farms.

    Key Individuals and Companies

    • John Richard Simplot, an influential figure in the potato industry, left school at 15 and became America's potato baron, building a successful business focused on french fries.
    • Ray Dunlap led a team of chemists responsible for creating the frozen french fry.
    • Lamb Weston is the leading fry producer in the U.S., while McCain ranks second after acquiring Ore-Ida.
    • The American french fry market is largely controlled by JR Simplot, Lamb Weston, and McCain, collectively holding 80% of the market share.

    Economic Aspects

    • The market for potatoes exhibits oligopsony characteristics, with a few buyers dominating a large number of sellers.
    • For every $1.50 spent on a large order of fries, farmers receive only about 2 cents.
    • 90% of spending on food in America is directed towards processed foods.

    Food Processing and Flavor Industry

    • The 1950s are recognized as the Golden Age of Food Processing, as noted by Harvey Levenstein.
    • The flavor industry is concentrated along the New Jersey Turnpike, with International Flavors and Fragrances being the largest flavor company globally, followed by Givaudan.
    • Around 10,000 new processed food products are introduced annually in the U.S., with the majority requiring flavor additives; however, 90% of these products fail.

    Flavor and Taste

    • Smell accounts for up to 90% of taste perception, influencing consumer preferences.
    • Babies are naturally attracted to sweet flavors while rejecting bitter tastes.
    • Methyl anthranilate is an example of one of the first artificial flavors derived from grape scent.

    Regulatory and Health Insights

    • The FDA does not mandate flavor companies to disclose all ingredient details if deemed safe by the companies themselves.
    • Natural flavors must come from natural sources, but they can contain the same chemicals as artificial flavors, produced via different methods.
    • A natural flavor is not necessarily healthier, as demonstrated by the poisonous nature of almond extract derived naturally versus its safety through artificial means.

    Technological Advancements in Food Processing

    • The Universal TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer evaluates food properties, utilizing data from 25 separate probes to gauge crucial rheological attributes.
    • The Lamb Water Gun Knife is designed to slice potatoes at high speed, enhancing efficiency in fry production.

    Additional Notes

    • Red Arrow Products specializes in smoke flavor, contributing to the complexity of food flavors.
    • Brian Grainger serves as a senior flavorist at IFF, highlighting the expertise within the flavor industry.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 5 of 'Fast Food Nation'. This chapter dives into the impact of the fast-food industry on agriculture, focusing on potato production and influential figures like John Richard Simplot. Enhance your understanding of the connections between food and culture.

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