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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of a commission agent?
What is the main function of a commission agent?
Which type of retailer focuses primarily on offering a variety of products and services to customers?
Which type of retailer focuses primarily on offering a variety of products and services to customers?
What distinguishes exclusive distribution from other types of distribution?
What distinguishes exclusive distribution from other types of distribution?
Which of the following is a characteristic of changing trends in retail distribution?
Which of the following is a characteristic of changing trends in retail distribution?
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What is a significant factor in the rise of ethical fashion?
What is a significant factor in the rise of ethical fashion?
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Which type of distribution ensures that a product is available through as many intermediaries as possible?
Which type of distribution ensures that a product is available through as many intermediaries as possible?
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Which of the following retail formats is characterized by the integration of franchising?
Which of the following retail formats is characterized by the integration of franchising?
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Which trend is associated with the changing retail landscape?
Which trend is associated with the changing retail landscape?
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What is a primary advantage of using distribution channels for consumers?
What is a primary advantage of using distribution channels for consumers?
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What does channel length refer to in a distribution context?
What does channel length refer to in a distribution context?
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Which of the following is not an advantage to manufacturers of using distribution channels?
Which of the following is not an advantage to manufacturers of using distribution channels?
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What is one of the roles of channel intermediaries?
What is one of the roles of channel intermediaries?
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When comparing direct sales to using intermediaries, how does the number of contacts change?
When comparing direct sales to using intermediaries, how does the number of contacts change?
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Why is continuous production an advantage for manufacturers using distribution channels?
Why is continuous production an advantage for manufacturers using distribution channels?
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What might be a disadvantage of a complex distribution system?
What might be a disadvantage of a complex distribution system?
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Which of the following options best describes the role of wholesalers in distribution?
Which of the following options best describes the role of wholesalers in distribution?
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Study Notes
Fashion Distribution Channels
- Distribution channels are methods to make products available in the right place, time, and quantity.
- They consist of all firms and individuals involved in transferring ownership from producer to consumer.
Simple Exchange System
- A simple exchange illustrates a direct interaction between a producer and user, signified by the transfer of goods for money.
More Complex Exchange Systems
- A more complex exchange involves multiple intermediaries connecting the producer and consumer.
- These intermediaries include physical intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers, and commercial channels handling aspects like ownership, promotion, negotiation, financing, etc.
Advantages to the Customer
- Increased accessibility to many goods.
- Convenient options for purchasing in various quantities.
- Examination of products before purchase.
- Varied pre- and post-sale services.
Advantages to the Manufacturer
- Reduced need for direct marketing efforts.
- Scalability of production.
- Continuous production capabilities.
- Minimized costs of field sales and transactions.
Intermediaries and Efficiency
- Intermediaries—like retailers—reduce the number of contacts between a producer and many customers, thus improving efficiency.
- Direct contact between a producer and many customers involves a significant number of individual transactions.
Channel Distribution Elements
- Channel length: Various stages from producer to consumer (e.g., producer-consumer, producer-retailer-consumer, producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer).
- Channel intermediaries: Entities involved in moving goods between producer and consumer (e.g., wholesalers, agents, stockists).
- Types of retailers: Different types of retail stores catering to varied customer needs. Examples include department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, and franchises.
- Distribution Levels: Intensive, exclusive, and selective distribution strategies are possible. Intensive focuses on many intermediaries, exclusive on few, and selective on a chosen group.
- Changing structure of distribution: Retailing shifts towards concentration, with larger stores, fewer outlets, and rising competition.
Channel Intermediaries: Wholesalers & Agents
- Wholesalers break bulk, store products, and reduce contact costs and risks for producers.
- Agents secure orders from customers without taking ownership or handling payment.
- Stockist agents carry and store the manufacturer's goods.
Channel Intermediaries: Retailers
- Retailers provide product variety, customer credit, and product packaging.
- Promotion, pricing, and delivery are further retailer functions.
- Direct marketing channels include party plans, mail order, and catalogues. Multiple retail outlet types exist (e.g., independent stores and chain stores).
Types of Retailers (Continued)
- More specifically, department stores, concessions, clothing retailers, supermarkets, and franchises represent further examples.
Levels of Distribution
- Intensive distribution focuses on maximum intermediary use.
- Exclusive distribution employs a limited number of carefully selected intermediaries.
- Selective distribution utilizes an intermediate number of distributors.
Changing Face of Distribution
- Retailing is becoming more concentrated with fewer stores and larger outlets.
- There are trends of larger retail outlets, fewer full-time employees in sales positions, more out-of-town stores, a decline in independent retailers, and higher competition.
Fashion and Ethics
- Ethical fashion prioritizes production and distribution that minimizes harm to people and the planet (e.g., concerns like ethical sourcing, fair wages, and environmental impact).
- Specific issues within the industry include low wages, child labor, and environmental concerns.
Future of Fashion Business
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) can personalize shopping experiences for consumers.
- Sustainable fashion incorporates human and environmental considerations.
- Technical designs and pattern-cutting technologies are evolving.
- Features such as garment production, digital innovations, clothing rental, and color technology are part of prospective business changes.
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Description
Explore the various distribution channels used in the fashion industry, from simple exchanges between producers and consumers to more complex systems involving multiple intermediaries. Understand the advantages these channels provide to both customers and manufacturers, enhancing accessibility and convenience in shopping.
