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Questions and Answers
During which step of fetal brain development do neurons form in one region of the neural tube?
During which step of fetal brain development do neurons form in one region of the neural tube?
- Migration
- Neurogenesis (correct)
- Differentiation
- Formation of Neural Tube
By what month do neurons move to their permanent locations in the brain during fetal brain development?
By what month do neurons move to their permanent locations in the brain during fetal brain development?
- 5th month
- 7th month (correct)
- 3rd month
- 9th month
What is the consequence of failure to properly close the neural tube during fetal brain development?
What is the consequence of failure to properly close the neural tube during fetal brain development?
- Increased risk of epilepsy
- Delayed brain development
- Formation of birth defects (correct)
- Neurological disorders
What happens during the process of differentiation in fetal brain development?
What happens during the process of differentiation in fetal brain development?
What is the purpose of myelination during fetal brain development?
What is the purpose of myelination during fetal brain development?
Which of the following best describes the Developmental Systems Theory?
Which of the following best describes the Developmental Systems Theory?
What is epigenesis in the context of genetics?
What is epigenesis in the context of genetics?
How does experience modify gene activity?
How does experience modify gene activity?
What is the effect of high grooming (HG) moms on their offspring's stress response?
What is the effect of high grooming (HG) moms on their offspring's stress response?
What is the mechanism through which gene chemistry is changed?
What is the mechanism through which gene chemistry is changed?
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Study Notes
Neural Tube Development
- Neurons are formed in the neural tube during the proliferation stage of fetal brain development
- Neurons migrate to their final destinations within the brain by the fourth month of gestation
- Failure to properly close the neural tube during development results in birth defects such as anencephaly or spina bifida
Differentiation
- During differentiation, neurons take on specialized roles based on their location and function
- The specialization of neurons is influenced by chemical signals and environmental factors
Myelination
- Myelin is a fatty substance which coats the axons of neurons
- Myelination is essential for the efficient transmission of nerve impulses
- Myelination occurs between birth and into adulthood
- Myelination allows for faster and more efficient neuronal communication
Developmental Systems Theory
- Developmental Systems Theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of biological, psychological, and social influences on development
- Every aspect of development is influenced by multiple factors
Epigenesis
- Epigenesis refers to the change in gene expression (not the actual DNA sequence) that happens due to external factors
- Environmental influences impact gene expression
Gene Modification by Experience
- Experience can modify gene activity through epigenetic processes such as methylation, acetylation, or histone modification
- These processes can turn genes on or off
High Grooming Moms
- High grooming (HG) moms have offspring with reduced stress levels due to epigenetic changes
Gene Chemistry Changes
- Gene chemistry is altered by environmental influences through methylation, acetylation, or histone modification
- These processes can affect gene activity and ultimately impact development
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