T cells lecture 4
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Questions and Answers

Which ligand is expressed on the surface of effector CD8+ cells and TH1 cells to exert cytotoxic effects?

  • CD80 Ligand
  • CD28 Ligand
  • Fas Ligand (correct)
  • CD40 Ligand

    • What is the role of CD40 Ligand in T cell activation?

  • Promote differentiation into TH2 cells
  • Activate B cells and innate immune cells (correct)
  • Exert cytotoxic effect
  • Induce proliferation of T cells

    • Which ligand binds Fas on the surface of infected or stressed cells in the periphery?

  • TNF Ligand
  • Fas Ligand (correct)
  • CD40 Ligand
  • CD28 Ligand

    • What provides Signal 3 for CD8+ T cell activation into Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)?

    <p>Interleukin-2 (IL-2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In T cell activation, what role does the interaction between CD28 and B7 play?

    <p>Inducing T cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells don't express CD40 Ligand ?

    <p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key part of licensing for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?

    <p>Signal through CD40 signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in a simultaneous fashion during CD8+ T cell activation?

    <p>IL-2 secretion and CD40L expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to increased expression of costimulatory molecules like CD80 and CD86 on APCs?

    <p>CD40 binding with activated CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule helps in directing the immune response upon CTL activation?

    <p>Cytokine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in CTL-mediated killing of infected cells?

    <p>Recognition of nonspecific adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for inducing apoptosis in infected cells during Fas-FasL mediated killing?

    <p>FasL (Fas ligand)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of granules by CTLs during granule-mediated killing?

    <p>Specific recognition via TCR:pMHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves reorganizing the cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic contents by CTLs?

    <p>Granule-mediated killing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical action that APCs must take to present antigen to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?

    <p>Cross-presentation to MHC Class I for CD8+ T cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential requirement for CD8+ T cell activation to occur?

    <p>Licensing through CD40 binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Perforin in CTLs?

    <p>Forms pores in the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are found in the granules of CTLs?

    <p>Perforin and Granzyme B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Granzyme B entering the cytoplasm of the target cell?

    <p>It disrupts the mitochondrial outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway converges on caspase-3 activation, ultimately leading to apoptosis?

    <p>Fas/FasL pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CTLs in recognizing infected or tumor cells?

    <p>Killing the target cell through various pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CD8+ T cells induce apoptosis in infected target cells?

    <p>Through pMHC:TCR interaction causing apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic sign of apoptosis observed in the text after 40 minutes of CTL interaction with a target cell?

    <p>Membrane blebbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Granules in CTLs during effector responses?

    <p>Direct killing of infected or tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when TCR on CTL binds pMHC?

    <p>Intracellular structure reorganization &amp; granule release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Fas Ligand and CD40 Ligand classified based on their location in the cell?

    <p>Transmembrane ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells express Fas Ligand on their surface to exert cytotoxic effects?

    <p>Effector CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligand binds to CD40 on B cells and innate immune cells for activation?

    <p>CD40 Ligand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells require more co-stimulation through B7/CD28 interaction?

    <p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CD8+ T cells recognize and kill infected/tumour cells?

    <p>Via recognition with their TCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of Signal 3 for CD8+ T cell activation into Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)?

    <p>IL-2 and IL-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In most cases, how are CD8+ cells activated to become cytotoxic effector cells?

    <p>By interactions with CD4 effector T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare but possible way for CD8+ cells to be activated without the help of CD4 effector T cells?

    <p>Interaction with infected dendritic cells with high costimulatory activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do majority of CD8+ cells obtain the necessary activation signals for proliferation and differentiation into CTL formation?

    <p><strong>Majority of the time</strong>: through additional help from CD4 effector T cells to license dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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