Questions and Answers
Which crop in India is primarily grown in dry regions and requires sandy or shallow black soils?
Which of the following is categorized as a Kharif crop?
What is the annual rainfall requirement for wheat cultivation in India?
In which Indian region is sugarcane primarily cultivated?
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What is the primary source of protein in the Indian vegetarian diet?
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Which of the following crops has a temperature requirement of 21°C to 27°C?
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What type of cultivation practices are important for major crop production in India?
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Which of the following is primarily produced in the north and north-western parts of India?
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Which term describes the intensive subsistence farming method?
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What is a key characteristic of primitive subsistence farming?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of commercial farming?
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Which of these crops is typically associated with the Rabi season?
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What distinguishes plantation farming from other types of commercial farming?
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When does the Zaid cropping season occur?
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Which of the following practices is commonly seen in intensive subsistence farming?
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What type of climate is primarily supportive of primitive subsistence farming methods?
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Study Notes
Farming Types in India
- Cultivation methods depend on environmental characteristics, technology, and socio-cultural practices.
- Farming varies from subsistence to commercial types.
Primitive Subsistence Farming
- Involves 'slash and burn' agriculture; farmers clear land for crops.
- Known as jhumming in northeastern states; low land productivity.
- Relies heavily on monsoon; practiced in limited areas of India.
Intensive Subsistence Farming
- Common in areas with high population pressure on land.
- Labour-intensive with high doses of biochemical inputs for increased production.
Commercial Farming
- Utilizes modern inputs: high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides for improved productivity.
- Plantation farming focuses on single crops grown over large areas, often using migrant labor; products serve as raw materials for industries (e.g., tea, coffee, rubber).
Cropping Seasons in India
- Three main cropping seasons: Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid.
- Rabi: Sowing is in winter (October to December), harvesting in summer (April to June); key crops include wheat and barley.
- Kharif: Sowing begins with the rainy season (April-May), harvesting occurs in September-October; important crops include paddy and maize.
- Zaid: Short season between Rabi and Kharif (March to July); crops include watermelon and vegetables.
Major Crops in India
- Diverse crop production driven by soil, climate, and cultivation practices.
- Key crops: rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton, jute.
Rice
- Kharif crop; requires high temperatures, humidity, and over 100 cm of rainfall annually.
- India ranks second in global rice production after China; cultivated in northern plains, coastal, and delta regions.
Wheat
- Rabi crop needing cool growing seasons and bright sunlight; grows with 50 to 75 cm of well-distributed rainfall.
- Main states for wheat cultivation: Ganga-Satluj plains and black soil region of Deccan; second most important cereal crop in India.
Millets
- Includes Jowar, Bajra, and Ragi; classified as coarse grains with high nutritional value.
- Jowar and Bajra primarily produced in dry regions, while Ragi thrives in diverse soil types.
Maize
- Kharif crop optimal in temperatures of 21°C to 27°C, grows on alluvial soil.
- Used as both food and fodder; major production states include Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
Pulses
- Largest producer and consumer globally; major protein source in vegetarian diets.
- Grown in rotation to maintain soil fertility; major states include Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Sugarcane
- Thrives in tropical and subtropical climates; optimum temperature range is 21°C to 27°C.
- Requires manual labor from sowing to harvesting; India ranks second in global sugarcane production after Brazil.
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Description
Explore the various farming types in India, including primitive subsistence, intensive subsistence, and commercial farming practices. Learn how environmental, technological, and socio-cultural factors influence cultivation methods. This quiz will highlight the differences in productivity and methods across the diverse farming landscape of India.
