24 Questions
What is the formula to calculate Net Farm Income?
Gross Farm Income - Total Farm Expenses
What is the purpose of calculating Return to Capital?
To measure the return to all sources of capital
What is the difference between Gross Margin and Return Above Variable Costs?
Gross Margin is the difference between total income and total variable costs, while Return Above Variable Costs is the difference between total income and total fixed costs
What is the formula to calculate the adjusted Net Farm Income?
Net Farm Income + Interest Paid
What is the purpose of calculating the Marginal Benefit-Cost Ratio (MBCR)?
To compare two technologies and evaluate the added benefit and cost
What is the formula to calculate the Interest?
(cost + salvage value) x interest rate / 2
What does a positive Net Cash Income indicate?
Total cash income is greater than total cash expenses
What is the main difference between Net Farm Income and Return to Capital?
Net Farm Income measures profit from the year’s operation, while Return to Capital measures the return to all sources of capital
What is the formula to calculate gross income?
Yield times price
What is the purpose of calculating the return to capital?
To evaluate the profitability of a farm business
What is the formula to calculate the net farm income?
Gross income minus total cost
What is the purpose of calculating the marginal benefit-cost ratio?
To determine the optimal level of production
What is the formula to calculate the return to capital?
Net income plus interest on operating capital
What is the purpose of cost and return analysis?
To evaluate the profitability of a farm business
What is the formula to calculate the adjusted net income?
Net income plus interest on operating capital
What is the purpose of calculating the farm profitability measures?
To evaluate the profitability of a farm business
What is the key characteristic of variable costs?
They change as production or output varies
Which of the following is an example of a non-cash cost?
Unpaid family labor
What is Net Cash Farm Income?
Total cash income minus total cash expenses
Which of the following is a fixed cost item that can be either cash or non-cash?
Depreciation
What is the primary difference between cash cost and non-cash cost?
The involvement of direct cash outlay
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fixed costs?
They vary directly with production or output
What is the purpose of calculating Net Cash Farm Income?
To determine the profitability of a farm enterprise
Which of the following is an example of a variable cost?
Fuel and lubricants
Study Notes
Profitability Measures
- Net Cash Income is the difference between Total Cash Income and Total Cash Expenses, with a positive value indicating that Total Cash Income is greater than Total Cash Expenses.
Gross Margin and Return Above Variable Costs
- Gross Margin or Return Above Variable Costs is the difference between Total Income or Gross Income and Total Variable Costs.
Profitability Measures and Interpretation/Significance
- Net Farm Income measures profit from the year's operation, representing the return to the owner for personal labor, management, and equity used in the farm, calculated as Gross Farm Income minus Total Farm Expenses.
Return to Capital
- Return to Capital measures profitability relative to capital invested, representing the return to all sources of capital, calculated as Adjusted Net Farm Income minus the Farmer-Operator's Opportunity Cost of Labor and Management.
Classification of Costs
- Variable or Operating Costs change as production or output varies over a specified period, including examples like feeds, breeding livestock purchases, fertilizer, seeds, farm chemicals, fuel, and lubricants.
Classification of Costs (continued)
- Cash Cost or Explicit Cost involves actual money payment for inputs or resources, including expenses on fertilizer, farm chemicals, hired labor, packaging materials, raw materials, and purchased commercial feeds.
- Non-cash Cost or Implicit Cost involves no direct cash outlay, including unpaid family labor, land rent paid in kind, home-grown feeds, and farm-raised fingerlings.
Fixed Costs
- Fixed costs can be either cash or non-cash expenses, including depreciation, repairs, land rent, land taxes, and irrigation fees.
Laboratory Activity: Cost and Return Analysis
- Record the following for a chosen commodity in your locality: Yield (kg/ha), Price (Php/unit), Cash Income, Non-cash Income, Cash Costs (Fixed and Variable), and other relevant data.
This quiz covers different measures of farm profitability, including net cash income, gross margin, and return above variable costs. It explains the calculation and interpretation of these measures.
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