Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is considered the co-founder of Cubism?
Who is considered the co-founder of Cubism?
Which period is characterized by Pablo Picasso's paintings of beggars and miserable humanity?
Which period is characterized by Pablo Picasso's paintings of beggars and miserable humanity?
Which artwork is attributed to Marcel Duchamp?
Which artwork is attributed to Marcel Duchamp?
Which phase of Cubism is characterized by a monochromatic use of color and geometric shapes?
Which phase of Cubism is characterized by a monochromatic use of color and geometric shapes?
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What material did Picasso incorporate in his collage technique?
What material did Picasso incorporate in his collage technique?
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Which school of art was founded in the Netherlands in 1917?
Which school of art was founded in the Netherlands in 1917?
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Who founded De Stijl?
Who founded De Stijl?
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Which period of Picasso's work is known for circus subjects?
Which period of Picasso's work is known for circus subjects?
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Which building was briefly the world's tallest before being overtaken by the Empire State Building?
Which building was briefly the world's tallest before being overtaken by the Empire State Building?
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What is the name of the architectural firm that designed the Empire State Building?
What is the name of the architectural firm that designed the Empire State Building?
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The ornamentation of which building is based on features from Chrysler automobiles?
The ornamentation of which building is based on features from Chrysler automobiles?
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Which artist is known for painting 'The Starry Night'?
Which artist is known for painting 'The Starry Night'?
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Which artist's work strongly influenced the development of German Expressionism?
Which artist's work strongly influenced the development of German Expressionism?
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Which movement is known for the elimination of rational visual association and recognizable appearance?
Which movement is known for the elimination of rational visual association and recognizable appearance?
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Which feature is NOT a characteristic of Expressionism?
Which feature is NOT a characteristic of Expressionism?
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Which artist is credited with painting the first purely abstract works?
Which artist is credited with painting the first purely abstract works?
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Which architect designed the Schroder House in Holland?
Which architect designed the Schroder House in Holland?
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What is a general feature of Modernism in architecture?
What is a general feature of Modernism in architecture?
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Which of the following is NOT an important figure in Modern architecture?
Which of the following is NOT an important figure in Modern architecture?
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Where was the Bauhaus School originally established?
Where was the Bauhaus School originally established?
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Which principle was emphasized in Bauhaus design?
Which principle was emphasized in Bauhaus design?
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What is Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe best known for pioneering?
What is Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe best known for pioneering?
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What is a characteristic of the facades of the Schroder House?
What is a characteristic of the facades of the Schroder House?
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Which of the following buildings is associated with Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe?
Which of the following buildings is associated with Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe?
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Which feature is typical of the International Style?
Which feature is typical of the International Style?
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Who claimed to invent the open plan interior?
Who claimed to invent the open plan interior?
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What concept did Louis Sullivan establish?
What concept did Louis Sullivan establish?
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Which building is known for its glass curtain wall?
Which building is known for its glass curtain wall?
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The Prairie Style is characterized by:
The Prairie Style is characterized by:
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Which building did Frank Lloyd Wright design on a waterfall?
Which building did Frank Lloyd Wright design on a waterfall?
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Which architect emphasized organic architectural details inspired by nature?
Which architect emphasized organic architectural details inspired by nature?
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Which of the following is a feature of the general architecture style described?
Which of the following is a feature of the general architecture style described?
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The Guggenheim Museum in New York is designed to resemble which natural form?
The Guggenheim Museum in New York is designed to resemble which natural form?
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Who is credited with founding the International Style?
Who is credited with founding the International Style?
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What unique feature allows light to shine into the Johnson Wax Administration Building?
What unique feature allows light to shine into the Johnson Wax Administration Building?
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What is a Usonian house primarily made of?
What is a Usonian house primarily made of?
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What is a key distinguishing feature of the Fagus Shoe Factory?
What is a key distinguishing feature of the Fagus Shoe Factory?
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Which book did Le Corbusier write in 1923 that links various forms of architecture and technology?
Which book did Le Corbusier write in 1923 that links various forms of architecture and technology?
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What architectural feature did Le Corbusier invent?
What architectural feature did Le Corbusier invent?
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How is the Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp chapel mainly characterized?
How is the Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp chapel mainly characterized?
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Who were the architects of the Seagram Building?
Who were the architects of the Seagram Building?
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Which architectural structure has a green glass-curtain tower that symbolizes the United Nations?
Which architectural structure has a green glass-curtain tower that symbolizes the United Nations?
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Which artist is known for the work 'Blam!'?
Which artist is known for the work 'Blam!'?
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Who published the manifesto 'Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture'?
Who published the manifesto 'Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture'?
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Which architect is associated with the idea 'less is a bore'?
Which architect is associated with the idea 'less is a bore'?
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Which work is by Richard Hamilton?
Which work is by Richard Hamilton?
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What is the focus of Op Art?
What is the focus of Op Art?
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Who introduced New York to the International Style?
Who introduced New York to the International Style?
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Which movement in architecture is known for its reaction to the principles of modernism?
Which movement in architecture is known for its reaction to the principles of modernism?
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Which style aims to maximize interior space by positioning functional elements outside?
Which style aims to maximize interior space by positioning functional elements outside?
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What is the main construction material emphasized in Brutalism?
What is the main construction material emphasized in Brutalism?
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Expressionism in architecture typically lacks which feature?
Expressionism in architecture typically lacks which feature?
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Which architectural landmark is known for its external positioning of color-coded service elements?
Which architectural landmark is known for its external positioning of color-coded service elements?
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Which of the following is a key feature of Expressionism in architecture?
Which of the following is a key feature of Expressionism in architecture?
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Which term is the origin of the word 'Brutalism'?
Which term is the origin of the word 'Brutalism'?
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What materials are used in the Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center?
What materials are used in the Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center?
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Which materials were primarily used for making carpets in the early times?
Which materials were primarily used for making carpets in the early times?
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What form of decoration is used in Sgraffito ware?
What form of decoration is used in Sgraffito ware?
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What is a characteristic architectural style in Spain and North Africa?
What is a characteristic architectural style in Spain and North Africa?
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Which type of pottery gives the effect of iridescence?
Which type of pottery gives the effect of iridescence?
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Which decoration tendencies are preferred?
Which decoration tendencies are preferred?
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Where is the bi-axial four iwan type commonly found?
Where is the bi-axial four iwan type commonly found?
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Which era is considered the Golden Age of carpet production?
Which era is considered the Golden Age of carpet production?
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What is the primary focus of buildings in Muslim architecture?
What is the primary focus of buildings in Muslim architecture?
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What architectural approach attempts to view architecture in bits and pieces?
What architectural approach attempts to view architecture in bits and pieces?
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Which architectural theory starts from the premises of local or regional architecture?
Which architectural theory starts from the premises of local or regional architecture?
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What is often the focus of attention in Formalist architecture?
What is often the focus of attention in Formalist architecture?
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Which of these buildings is an example of Formalist architecture?
Which of these buildings is an example of Formalist architecture?
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What is the main focus of Deconstructivist architecture?
What is the main focus of Deconstructivist architecture?
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Which architectural style is influenced by the ideas of Jacques Derrida?
Which architectural style is influenced by the ideas of Jacques Derrida?
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Who claimed to be a prophet to Allah?
Who claimed to be a prophet to Allah?
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Which is considered the most highly regarded fundamental element of Islamic art?
Which is considered the most highly regarded fundamental element of Islamic art?
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What characterizes the technique used in Abstract Expressionism?
What characterizes the technique used in Abstract Expressionism?
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Which artist's work is titled 'Autumn Rhythm'?
Which artist's work is titled 'Autumn Rhythm'?
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Who coined the term 'Action Painting'?
Who coined the term 'Action Painting'?
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Which surrealist artist created 'Persistence of Memory'?
Which surrealist artist created 'Persistence of Memory'?
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What is the focus of Surrealism in art?
What is the focus of Surrealism in art?
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Who published the Manifesto de Surrealisme in 1924?
Who published the Manifesto de Surrealisme in 1924?
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Study Notes
Architectural Landmarks
-
Chrysler Building
- Was briefly the world's tallest building before the Empire State Building in 1931
- Second tallest building in New York City
- Ornamentation based on Chrysler automobiles, featuring eagles and radiator caps
-
The Empire State Building
- Built by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon architects
- 102-story skyscraper located in New York City
- Named after the nickname for New York, the Empire State
- Held the title of world's tallest building for 40 years
Expressionism (late 19th C early 20th C)
- Opposes academic standards and emphasizes artists' subjective emotion
-
General features:
- Sacrifices representational accuracy for distortion
- Strong outlines and bold colors
- Simpler and more direct compositions
- Thick impasto paint, loose brushstrokes, and occasional symbolism
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Important Artists:
-
Vincent Van Gogh
- Greatest Dutch painter since Baroque times
- Reflected social consciousness in subjects
- Used powerful brushstrokes
- Famous works: The Starry Night, Sunflowers
-
Edward Munch
- Norwegian painter and printmaker
- Influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century
- Work: The Scream, Puberty
-
Vincent Van Gogh
Abstraction (start between 1910-1920)
- Movement that eliminates recognizable appearances
-
Wassily Kandinsky
- Influential Russian painter and art theorist
- Credited with creating the first purely abstract works
Cubism
- Represents objects in basic geometric shapes
-
Famous Artists:
-
Georges Braque
- French painter and leader of Cubism
- Incorporated Cubist aim of representing the world from multiple viewpoints
- Work: Piano and the Mandola, Violin and Candlestick
-
Pablo Picasso
- Spanish painter and sculptor
- Co-founder of Cubism
- Known as the Father of collage
- Famous works: Guernica, Demoiselle d'Avignon
- Developed collage using paper and other materials
- Introduced simultaneity in art, presenting multiple sides of an object
- Had Blue and Rose periods in his work
-
Marcel Duchamp
- Associated with Dadaism and Surrealism
- Experimented with Cubism
- Work: Nude Descending a Staircase
-
Georges Braque
Phases of Cubism
-
Analytic Cubism
- Early phase of Cubism
- Characterized by geometric shapes and monochromatic color
- Artists invented specific shapes to represent whole objects or people
-
Synthetic Cubism
- Symbolic style with more colorful and varied materials
- Incorporates extraneous materials and collage
De Stijl
- School of art founded in the Netherlands in 1917
- Characterized by use of black and white with primary colors, rectangular forms, and asymmetry
- Founded by architect Gerrit Rietveld and artists
- Piet Mondrian, famous for Composition in Yellow and Blue
Modernism/Modern Style
- A deliberate estrangement from the past in the arts and literature in the 20th century
-
General features:
- Rejection of historical styles as a source of architectural form
- Form follows function
Bauhaus Design (1919-1933)
- School of design established in Neimar, Germany in 1919 by Walter Gropius
- Characterized by the synthesis of technology, craft, and design aesthetics
- Emphasized functional design in architecture and applied arts
-
General features:
- Shuns ornamentation and favors functionality
- Uses asymmetry and regularity versus symmetry
- Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, prominent architects associated with Bauhaus
- Works: Barcelona Pavillion, Seagram Building, Tugendhat House
International Style
- An architectural style that is minimalist in concept
- Devoid of regional characteristics
- Stresses functionalism
- Rejects all non-essential decorative elements
- Emphasizes the horizontal aspects of a building
Architectural Landmarks
-
The Designed Environment Professions, INC.
- Guggenheim Museum, New York
- Organic shapes spiraling down like a nautilus shell
- Visitors follow a sloping ramp through connected exhibition spaces
- Johnson Wax Administration Building, Wisconsin
- Constructed with over 200 sizes and shapes of bricks
- Light shines through glass tubes
- Guggenheim Museum, New York
-
Usonian houses by Frank Lloyd Wright
- Made up of easy-to-assemble, pre-fabricated wood sandwich panels
- Designed to be erected in a simple construction
Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret, 1887-1965)
- Known as "Corbu" (raven)
- Wrote Vers Une Architecture in 1923, linking ancient Greek temples, Gothic cathedrals, aircraft, cars, and ocean liners with modern architecture
- Invented the pilotis, a column supporting a building above an open ground level
-
Works:
- Villa Savoye, Poissy
- Unite d'Habitation, France
- Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp
Other Landmarks
-
UN Headquarters, New York
- Built by a committee of architects headed by Wallace K Harrison
- Largest building is the Secretariat, home of the UN's administration
- Features a green glass-curtain tower
-
Seagram Building, New York
- Built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson
- Made of glass and bronze
Dadaism
- Movement aimed at ridiculing and destroying the idea of art
- Importance lies in its break with outmoded ways to gain new freedom for the artist
Abstract Expressionism
- Movement in which artists applied paint rapidly and with force to huge canvases
- Emphasizes feelings and emotions, using non-geometric and gestural brushstrokes
-
Important Artists:
- Hans Hoffman
- Mark Rothko
- Jackson Pollock
Surrealism
- Movement in hunt of the science of expression of the subconscious
- Began after French poet Andre Breton published Manifesto de Surrealisme in 1924
-
Important Artists:
- Salvador Dali
- Frida Kahlo
- George de Chirico
- Marc Chagall
Pop Art
- Style that emerged in America in the 1960s
- Uses popular imagery from commercial sources, mass media, and everyday life
-
Important Artists:
- Roy Lichtenstein
- Andy Warhol
- Richard Hamilton
Post Modernism (1970s)
- Movement in architecture and decorative arts in reaction to modernism principles and practices
High Tech
- Style that aims to liberate the maximum volume of space inside by positioning all working elements outside the interior environment
Brutalism (1950s)
- Movement in architecture emphasizing the aesthetic use of basic building processes
- Often used cast-in-place concrete with no apparent concern for visual amenity
- Based on Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation
Expressionism
- Evolved from the work of avant-garde artists and designers in Germany and other European countries
- Key features:
- Distorted shapes
- Fragmented lines
- Organic or biomorphic forms
- Massive sculpted shapes
- Extensive use of concrete and brick
- Lack of symmetry
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Description
Test your knowledge about the iconic Chrysler Building, its history, design, and features. From being the world's tallest building to its distinctive ornamentation, learn more about this New York City landmark.
