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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended frequency for checking fetal heart tones for high risk patients during the first stage of labor?
What is the recommended frequency for checking fetal heart tones for high risk patients during the first stage of labor?
Which condition in the use of prostaglandins is considered relatively safe?
Which condition in the use of prostaglandins is considered relatively safe?
A painful bluish-red ischiorectal mass is indicative of which condition?
A painful bluish-red ischiorectal mass is indicative of which condition?
What term describes a woman who has had four previous term deliveries with one neonatal death?
What term describes a woman who has had four previous term deliveries with one neonatal death?
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Which aggregation of veins may be injured during delivery, potentially causing bleeding?
Which aggregation of veins may be injured during delivery, potentially causing bleeding?
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What is the most useful index of the quality of obstetric care?
What is the most useful index of the quality of obstetric care?
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Which injection is recommended for a student who is 5 weeks pregnant and has friends with Hepatitis A?
Which injection is recommended for a student who is 5 weeks pregnant and has friends with Hepatitis A?
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Which organ is derived from the mesoderm?
Which organ is derived from the mesoderm?
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What is the reproductive function of women directed towards?
What is the reproductive function of women directed towards?
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What may adherent placenta result in?
What may adherent placenta result in?
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Which is NOT an indication for a repeat internal exam?
Which is NOT an indication for a repeat internal exam?
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Which of the following antenatal factors predisposes to postpartum pelvic infections?
Which of the following antenatal factors predisposes to postpartum pelvic infections?
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What is the ovulation date for a woman with a regular 28-day cycle if her last menstrual period started on March 1?
What is the ovulation date for a woman with a regular 28-day cycle if her last menstrual period started on March 1?
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Which portion of the blastocyst will give rise to the embryo?
Which portion of the blastocyst will give rise to the embryo?
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Which statement about the transformation zone of the cervix is incorrect?
Which statement about the transformation zone of the cervix is incorrect?
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Which among the following is a true contraindication for the use of injectable contraceptives?
Which among the following is a true contraindication for the use of injectable contraceptives?
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After a total hysterectomy, a patient has reduced risk for cancer of:
After a total hysterectomy, a patient has reduced risk for cancer of:
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Which type of pelvis has an almost circular inlet with a wide pubic arch?
Which type of pelvis has an almost circular inlet with a wide pubic arch?
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Which is NOT an effect of severe asthma in pregnancy?
Which is NOT an effect of severe asthma in pregnancy?
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General anesthesia is used for uterine relaxation postpartum, EXCEPT with which drug?
General anesthesia is used for uterine relaxation postpartum, EXCEPT with which drug?
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Which of the following contains 23 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome?
Which of the following contains 23 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome?
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Which guiding principle of family planning emphasizes that the couple should choose methods based on their informed decision?
Which guiding principle of family planning emphasizes that the couple should choose methods based on their informed decision?
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Which of the following should be managed in a pregnant woman with hemoglobin level of less than 10 g/dl?
Which of the following should be managed in a pregnant woman with hemoglobin level of less than 10 g/dl?
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What is the best contraceptive method to advise a woman with diabetes mellitus and hypertension?
What is the best contraceptive method to advise a woman with diabetes mellitus and hypertension?
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Where is the long-acting contraceptive Norplant implant inserted in a woman?
Where is the long-acting contraceptive Norplant implant inserted in a woman?
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What is the recommended daily dose of iron supplementation during pregnancy?
What is the recommended daily dose of iron supplementation during pregnancy?
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Which of the following reversible contraceptives does not contain hormones?
Which of the following reversible contraceptives does not contain hormones?
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Which condition is NOT associated with causing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?
Which condition is NOT associated with causing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?
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What is not true about the diaphragm as a means of physical barrier contraception?
What is not true about the diaphragm as a means of physical barrier contraception?
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In which scenario does the body's oxygen consumption increase significantly during pregnancy?
In which scenario does the body's oxygen consumption increase significantly during pregnancy?
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What is a primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
What is a primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
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Which condition is not acted upon by uterotropins during the pre-labor phase?
Which condition is not acted upon by uterotropins during the pre-labor phase?
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What is the primary use of a catheter during suturing of the periclitoris area?
What is the primary use of a catheter during suturing of the periclitoris area?
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According to Bartholomew’s rule, what would you expect the status of the uterus to be based on a woman's last menstrual period with an expected date of confinement in January?
According to Bartholomew’s rule, what would you expect the status of the uterus to be based on a woman's last menstrual period with an expected date of confinement in January?
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How is fertility rate defined in terms of live births?
How is fertility rate defined in terms of live births?
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What is the primary function of uterotropins during the pre-labor phase?
What is the primary function of uterotropins during the pre-labor phase?
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Which factor is NOT assessed by the RM by internal examination during labor examination?
Which factor is NOT assessed by the RM by internal examination during labor examination?
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Study Notes
Family Planning Principles
- Responsible parenthood: Emphasizes the couple's role in making informed decisions about family planning.
- Informed Choice: Couples are given comprehensive information about different methods and empowered to make decisions based on their needs and circumstances.
Contraception Methods
- Progestin-only Pill (POP): Suitable for women with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
- Norplant Implant: Inserted sub-dermally in the inner aspect of the upper arm.
- Condoms: Male and female condoms are barrier methods of contraception that do not contain hormones.
- Diaphragm: A physical barrier preventing semen from entering the cervix.
- Spermicide: Enhances the effectiveness of the diaphragm when used in conjunction.
Pregnancy
- Bartholomew’s Rule: Used to estimate the uterus's height during pregnancy.
- Anemia in Pregnancy: Normal hemoglobin levels are less than 10 gm/dl. Iron is easier absorbed from oral medication versus food. Women with 10-12 gm/dl hemoglobin should take folate and vitamin supplements.
- Iron Dosage: The recommended daily dosage of iron during pregnancy is 30 mg.
- Gestational Diabetes Screening: Uses 50 gm of glucose without fasting, with a blood draw 1 hour later.
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): Caused by factors such as chronic hypertension, multiple gestation, placental malformations, and diabetes.
- Hemoglobin Concentration: During pregnancy and the postpartum period, hemoglobin concentration falls slightly due to changes in blood volume.
- Postpartum Hemorrhage: Common causes include uterine atony, trauma, and lacerations, and bleeding disorders.
- Perineal Laceration - A catheter should be inserted during suture to guide the needle away from it.
- Fertility Rate: Number of live births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 44 years.
- Transformation Zone of the Cervix: The junction of squamous and columnar epithelium, important for Pap smear sampling, and can be involved in malignancy.
- Injectable Contraceptives: Contraindicated in obese patients, those with a history of jaundice, and those with irregular menstrual cycles.
- Total Hysterectomy: Eliminates the risk of cancer in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and corpus.
- Pelvic Types: Gynecoid pelvis has a nearly circular inlet, wide pubic arch, and curved sacrum.
- Severe Asthma in Pregnancy: Can lead to preterm labor, low birth weight, and abortion.
- Uterine Inversion: Medications used for uterine relaxation and repositioning include Ritodrine, MgSO4, Terbutaline, but not oxytocin.
- Gametes: Mature oocytes, primary spermatocyte, spermatids, and secondary spermatocytes all contain 23 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
- Tubal Pregnancy: Medical management can be achieved with Methotrexate.
Fetal Development & Pregnancy
- Outer Cell Mass of Blastocyst: Develops into the placenta and other extraembryonic tissues.
- Inner Cell Mass of Blastocyst: Develops into the embryo itself.
Labor & Delivery
- Internal Examination: Done to assess cervical consistency, dilation, effacement, and malpresentation.
- Anaerobic Bacteria: Flourish in environments like devitalized tissue, blood, sperm, and around foreign bodies.
- Tubal Pregnancy: A culdocentesis is the procedure to confirm or rule out a tubal pregnancy.
- Postpartum Pelvic Infections: Premature rupture of membranes, malnutrition, and anemia are all risk factors for postpartum pelvic infections.
- Ovulation: Women with a 28-day cycle typically ovulate on day 14.
- Immunizations: Mumps immunization is contraindicated during pregnancy.
- Blood Loss Estimation: Blood loss in pregnant women can be estimated by visual observation, urinary output measurements, and BP/PR values. The Furosemide test is not used.
- Gestational Diabetes Screening: Recommended for women over 30 years old, those with a family history of diabetes, those who have used antiasthma drugs, and those with a history of stillbirths.
- Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: For high-risk patients, FHT should be checked every 15 minutes during the first stage of labor.
- Vestibular Bulbs: Aggregation of veins pushed beneath the pubic arch during delivery.
- Ischiorectal Mass: A painful, bluish-red mass is indicative of a hematoma.
- Parity & Gravidity: - a Grand multigravida is a woman who's been pregnant five or more times.
Procedures
- Prostaglandins: Can be used to ripen the cervix but should be used with caution in postpartum atony.
- Precipitate Labor: Caused by strong contractions, low resistance of soft tissues, and sometimes an absence of painful sensations.
Maternal Mortality
- The perinatal mortality rate is used to assess the quality of obstetric care.
Hepatitis A
- A woman who is 5 weeks pregnant and concerned about Hepatitis A should receive hepatitis A immune globulin injection.
Maternal Organs
- Kidneys: Derived from the mesoderm.
- Reproductive Function: Includes achieving pregnancy, delivery of the fetus, and nourishing the fetus.
- Adherent Placenta: Can lead to severe hemorrhage, perforation, and infection.
- Gynecologic Complaints: Common complaints include vaginal discharge, bleeding, and pain.
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Description
This quiz covers essential principles of family planning, including responsible parenthood and informed choice in contraception. It explores various methods such as the Progestin-only Pill, Norplant Implant, condoms, and diaphragms, alongside key pregnancy concepts like Bartholomew’s Rule. Test your knowledge on these critical topics related to reproductive health.
