Family, Kinship, and Marriage

• The presentation covers preliminary activities like opening prayer and attendance.
• The Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) involve describing the organized nature of social life and its governing rules, referencing UCSP11/12 HSO-IIi-21.
• Objectives include discussing kinds of kinship, appreciating the connection of kinship, descent line, kinds of marriages, answering activity in class.

Pre-Test Drill

• A pre-test is included to assess understanding.
• Test-takers must identify what is asked in each statement and select the correct answer.

Kinship, Family, and Household

• The guess me title is Kinship, Family and Household

Kinship

• Kinship can refer to patterns of social relationships themselves, or the study of these patterns
• It may refer to a principle organizing individuals into groups, using kinship terminologies.
• The three kinds of kinship is identified as blood, marriage, and ritual.

Blood (Consanguineal Family)

• Encompasses direct blood relatives like parents, children and siblings
• Family of orientation: The family one is born into and grows up with
• Family of procreation: The family one creates through marriage, adoption, etc.

Blood (Descent Line)

• Unilineal: Family members identify with either patrilineal or matrilineal lines
• Patrilineal: Children only recognize the father's side as family
• Matrilineal: Traces kinship from the female parent's side
• Bilineal: Considers both the father's and mother's sides as relatives
• Ambilineal: Affiliates with relatives through either fathers or mothers
• Double unilineal: Societies in which both patrilineal and matrilineal groups are recognized

Descent groups

• Descent group is a social group with members claiming common ancestry
• Unilineal society traces descent through one line
• Matrilineal descent includes the mother's brother with inheritance possible to sister's children
• Patrilineal descent includes the father's line.
• Societies with the Iroquois kinship system are typically unilineal, while the Iroquois proper are matrilineal
• Bilineal descent occurs in societies where descent is reckoned through both parents, without unilineal descent groups.

Marriage (Affinal Relationship)

• It is a socially or ritually recognized union that establishes rights and obligations between spouses, children, and in-laws.
• Marriage definitions vary across cultures, however, it is a primarily interpersonal institution
• Broadly defined marriages include monogamous, polygamous, same-sex, and temporary unions.
• Endogamy: Prohibits members from marrying outside their circle.
• Exogamy: Is the practice of marrying someone from a different social group
• Sharia Law: Rules based on Islamic faith.
• Monogamy: The practice of having only one partner.
• Polygamy: The practice of having more than one marital partner.
• Polygamous polygyny: Having two or more wives.
• Polygamous polyandry: Having two or more husbands.

Types of Marriages

• Gotra Exogamy: The Hindu practice of marrying outside one's own gotra.
• Pravara Exogamy: Those of the same pravara cannot marry.
• Village Exogamy: Certain Indian tribes marry outside their village.
• Serial monogamy: Individuals are permitted to remarry after the death of the first spouse, but cannot have more than one at a time.
• Straight monogamy: Remarriage is not allowed.
• Group Marriage: Two or more women with two or more men.

Rules of marriage

• Isogamy: Marriage between status equals.
• Anisogamy: Asymmetric marriage alliance between different social statuses.
• Hypergamy: Woman marries a man of a higher varna or family.
• Hypogamy: High caste man marries a low caste woman.
• Orthogamy: Marriage between selected groups.
• Cerogamy: Two or more men marry two or more women.
• Anuloma marriage: Man marries from his own caste or below.
• Pratiloma marriage: Woman marries a man from a lower caste (not permitted).

Forms of polygyny include

• Sororal polygyny where the wives are sisters,
• Non-sororal polygyny where the wives are not sisters.
• Polyandry: The marriage of one woman with more than one man and is less common than polygyny.
• Fraternal Polyandry: Several brothers sharing the same wife; known as alelphic, may involve levirate.
• Non-fraternal Polyandry: Husbands not closely related need not have any close relationship prior to the marriage
• Monogamy entails one man marrying one woman, the most common form of marriage.

Ritual/Ceremonial Kinship (Fictive Kinship)

• Compadrazgo: Spanish term- co-parenthood.
• Actualized by the godparents after rituals like baptism, weddings, and religious confirmation.
• Focuses on the bond between the parents and the godparents
• Defines the relationship between the child/couple and the godparents.

Types of Kinship

• Primary kins are the 8 individuals within a nuclear family such as husband-wife, father-son, mother-daughter, and siblings.
• Secondary kins: Include 33 types of relatives outside the nuclear family, like a mother's brother or brother's wife.
• Tertiary kins: Are secondary kins of one's primary relatives, totaling 151 types.