Family Intervention for Psychosis
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant barrier to involving families in the care process?

  • Insufficient funding for programs
  • Lack of training among staff
  • Low motivation among patients
  • Reservations about involving families (correct)

What is essential for successfully implementing a family engagement pathway in inpatient settings?

  • Obtaining consent from the patient (correct)
  • Mandating attendance from family members
  • Providing financial incentives to families
  • Conducting surveys to assess family wants

What is a potential solution to support carers who feel isolated during involuntary care?

  • Peer support programs like OPAL (correct)
  • Weekly family visits to the ward
  • Group therapy sessions for families
  • Online resources for caregiver training

Which staff training element can improve the care process for families and patients?

<p>Training on family intervention techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected outcome of using Early Intervention Teams with family interventions?

<p>Improvement in service user functioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of family intervention in the context of psychosis?

<p>To include family members in sessions with the person experiencing psychosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should a family intervention typically last, according to guidelines?

<p>3 months to a year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do carers play in the outcomes of individuals with psychosis?

<p>They can help improve treatment adherence and access to services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does high expressed emotion (EE) predict regarding schizophrenia outcomes?

<p>Increased likelihood of relapse and distress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of family intervention involves educating family members about psychosis?

<p>Psychoeducational model (with patient) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has research shown about the effectiveness of brief psychoeducation?

<p>Not effective at reducing relapse rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of family intervention, what is a primary function of a carer?

<p>To provide essential support and identify early signs of relapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge in implementing family interventions?

<p>Availability of trained professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for involving families in care during inpatient treatment?

<p>To improve service user functioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first step in implementing a pathway to engage families?

<p>Obtain consent from the patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of carer support is identified as lacking during involuntary care?

<p>One-to-one situation-specific support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OPAL peer support program?

<p>To offer emotional support to carers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring aspect is emphasized in the training of staff for Early Intervention Teams?

<p>Explicit standards of care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of family intervention for individuals experiencing psychosis?

<p>To ensure family involvement in the patient's treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sessions does a typical family intervention consist of?

<p>10 sessions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a high level of expressed emotion (EE)?

<p>Frequent criticism and hostility towards the individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the systemic-oriented model of family intervention?

<p>Targets the entire family unit and their dynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key benefit of involving family members in the care of individuals with psychosis?

<p>Increased treatment adherence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for evaluating the family environment affected by high expressed emotion?

<p>Nature of communication between family members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the timeline dimension in Leventhal’s Illness Perception Beliefs Model refer to?

<p>The anticipated duration of the illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has research indicated about the effectiveness of prolonged family intervention treatment?

<p>It is positively associated with lower relapse rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for obtaining consent from patients before involving families in care discussions?

<p>To ensure patient autonomy and respect privacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant issue do families face when involved in the care process during involuntary treatment?

<p>Feeling isolated and unsupported (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym OPAL stand for in the context of supporting carers?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is emphasized in training staff for Early Intervention Teams?

<p>Explicit standards of care that are monitored (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recognized as a significant feature of effective family interventions in the treatment of individuals with psychosis?

<p>Offering family intervention to all eligible patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the specific functions of family intervention in treating psychosis?

<p>To help identify early signs of relapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension measured in the expressed emotion (EE) assessment?

<p>Neglect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which model of family intervention is the whole family targeted for improvement?

<p>Systemic-oriented (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the psychoeducational model of family intervention that involves the patient?

<p>Teaching effective communication skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is associated with families having high expressed emotion (EE)?

<p>Lower rates of patient recovery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the integrated interventions model of family intervention?

<p>Both patient and relatives are included in the process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are prolonged treatment durations recommended for family interventions in psychosis?

<p>Because shorter interventions have shown to be ineffective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Family Involvement in Inpatient Care

A system-wide approach involving families in a patient's care plan.

Involuntary Care Challenges

Carers of involuntary patients often feel isolated due to a lack of one-on-one support.

Peer Support Programme

A solution to address the lack of specific support for involuntary care situations.

Early Intervention Teams

Teams offering family support to eligible patients, enhancing their functioning and reducing relapse.

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Family Engagement Pathway

Steps to actively engage families, including consent, meetings, and information sharing with clinicians.

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Family Intervention (FI)

Evidence-based psychological intervention for people with psychosis and their families.

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Expressed Emotion (EE)

Measures the emotional climate in a family, particularly towards a family member with psychosis.

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Carer Burden

Stress, distress, and low self-esteem experienced by caregivers of individuals with psychosis due to high levels of expressed emotion.

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Psychoeducation (with patient)

Educational sessions with a person experiencing psychosis and their family regarding the disorder and communication techniques.

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Systemic Intervention

Family intervention model focusing on the whole family's interactions, relationships, and dynamics to improve a patient's outcome.

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Leventhal's Illness Perception Model

A model showing how a person's understanding of their condition (symptoms, cause, consequences) affects their health behaviours and the relationship with carers or other people.

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FI Outcomes/Effectiveness

Family intervention models (mostly) demonstrate a lower probability of relapse in individuals with psychosis, especially those with longer interventions and supportive environments.

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Typical Intervention Duration

Family interventions usually last 3 months to a year and consist of approximately 10 sessions, focusing on multi-family or single-family interactions.

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Carer in Psychosis

Anyone who has regular close contact with someone experiencing psychosis.

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Impact of High EE

A highly emotional family environment is linked to negative outcomes for individuals with psychosis.

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Systemic FI

Family intervention focusing on how the family interacts to improve a patient's well-being.

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Key Benefits of FI

Reduces relapse rates, improves treatment adherence, and helps detect early signs of relapse.

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FI Implementation Challenges

Difficult to implement due to factors potentially including resource limitations and training requirements.

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Working Relationships

The quality of communication and collaboration between clinicians, patients, and families in a care setting. This includes understanding roles, responsibilities, and aiming for a shared understanding and mutual respect.

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Individualization

Tailoring care plans and interventions to meet the unique needs of each patient and their family. This includes addressing individual preferences, cultural backgrounds, and specific circumstances.

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Why individual support for caregivers in involuntary care?

Caregivers of individuals under involuntary care often experience heightened stress, isolation, and confusion. They require specific information and support related to the legal framework and the patient's needs.

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OPAL Peer Support Programme

A program designed to provide one-on-one peer support to caregivers of individuals under involuntary care. This involves connecting caregivers with others who have shared experiences, offering understanding, and practical advice.

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Early Intervention Team (EIT)

A team specializing in offering family intervention to eligible patients. EITs aim to improve service user functioning, reduce relapse rates, and provide ongoing support to families.

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System-wide Approach

Involving families in a patient's care plan as a standard practice across all areas of the healthcare system.

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Reservations about Family Involvement

Concerns or hesitations about involving families in patient care, such as privacy issues, cultural differences, or perceived burden on families.

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Why is individual support needed for involuntary care?

Caregivers of individuals under involuntary care need specific information and support related to the legal framework and the patient's unique needs. They often experience stress, isolation, and confusion.

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What is family intervention?

A type of therapy that involves both the person experiencing psychosis and their family. The goal is to help both parties understand and manage the illness, improve communication, and reduce stress.

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What are the benefits of family intervention?

Family interventions have been shown to reduce relapse rates, improve treatment adherence, and help identify early signs of relapse.

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What is Expressed Emotion (EE)?

EE is a measure of the emotional climate within a family. It reflects how much negativity, criticism, and over-involvement exists within the family environment toward a member with psychosis.

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What is the impact of high EE?

High levels of expressed emotion (EE) are linked to poorer outcomes for people with psychosis, leading to higher relapse rates and increased stress for the family.

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What is Leventhal's Illness Perception Model?

This model explains how individuals perceive their illness. It considers factors like symptoms, causes, controllability, consequences, and the perceived duration of the illness.

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What are the types of family intervention models?

There are different family intervention models, including systemic, psychoeducational (with and without the patient), and integrated interventions. Each model has its unique focus and approach.

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What are the challenges of implementing family intervention?

Challenges include the need for specialized training, resources, and time commitment for both families and professionals.

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What is the evidence for family intervention?

Research suggests that family interventions, especially those with extended durations, can be effective in improving outcomes for individuals with psychosis and their families.

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Study Notes

Family Intervention for Psychosis

  • Evidence-based interventions for people experiencing psychosis and their families.
  • Focuses on involving family members in treatment.
  • Clinicians, family members, and individuals with psychosis participate in sessions together.

NICE Guidelines for Family Intervention

  • Inclusion of the person with psychosis/schizophrenia.
  • Duration: 3 months to a year.
  • Number of sessions: 10.
  • Can be for single families or multiple families.
  • Focus on the carer-patient relationship.
  • Aims to provide support, education, and treatment.
  • Definition of "carer": anyone with regular close contact with someone with psychosis/schizophrenia.

Positive Outcomes of Carer Involvement

  • Better outcomes for individuals with psychosis who have carers.
  • Facilitates access to relevant services.
  • Improves treatment adherence.
  • Helps identify early signs of relapse.
  • Reduced admission and relapse rates are observed.

Expressed Emotion (EE)

  • A measure of the family environment.
  • Assesses the positivity or negativity of family relationships.
  • Developed as a research tool to measure family relationships.
  • Can change over time and measured by scoring an interview (CFI) using 5 dimensions.

Impact of High EE

  • High EE is a predictor of poor outcomes in people with schizophrenia.
  • High EE significantly correlates with carer burden, leading to stress, distress, and low self-esteem.

Leventhal's Illness Perception Beliefs Model

  • Individuals perceive illness based on:
    • Identity (symptoms, name of the illness)
    • Cause (aetiology)
    • Cure/control (extent of curability/managemenet)
    • Consequences (impact on individual)
    • Timeline (duration of illness)

Models of Family Intervention (FI)

  • Systemic-oriented: Focuses on the whole family (relationships, interactions, and dynamics).
  • Psychoeducational (with patient): Educates both individual and family members.
  • Psychoeducational (without patient): Focuses on providing information and improving the family emotional climate.
  • Integrated interventions: Different models integrated, directed at specific groups (patient and relatives, or patient alone, or community-based).

Benefits of Different Intervention Types (FI)

  • All models, except brief psychoeducation, result in lower relapse rates.
  • Long-term interventions are more effective.
  • Home environment plays a crucial role in outcome.

Challenges of Implementing Family Interventions

  • Training needs for clinicians are necessary.
  • Requires a system-wide approach and acceptance.
  • Reservations about involving families.
  • Difficulty engaging families with complex needs.
  • Establishing and maintaining positive working relationships.
  • Individualizing interventions is crucial.

Implementing Family Intervention in Inpatient Settings

  • Gaining consent from the patient.
  • Organizing meetings with the patient, carer, and clinician.
  • Discussing reasons for admission, information sharing, and collaborative plans.

Involuntary Care and Carer Support

  • Isolated and unsupported feelings among carers in involuntary care situations.
  • MHA review provides support to carers.
  • Lack of one-to-one/situation-specific support in existing interventions.
  • Peer support programs like OPAL are needed to address individual needs.

Example of Successful Implementation (Early Intervention Teams)

  • Family interventions provided to all eligible patients.
  • Training for all staff members.
  • Explicit standard of care monitored.
  • Improved service-user functioning and decreased relapses.

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Description

This quiz explores evidence-based family interventions for individuals experiencing psychosis. It highlights the importance of carer involvement in treatment plans, the structure of sessions, and the positive outcomes of family participation. Understanding these interventions can enhance the support network for those affected by psychosis.

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