5-L2

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What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia characterized by?

Abnormalities in HDL receptors

Decreased levels of LDL and cholesterol in the plasma

Elevated levels of LDL and cholesterol in the plasma (correct)

Absence of triglycerides in the blood

What is the effect of a deficiency of functional LDL receptors in heterozygotes?

Development of the condition later in life (correct)

Extensive atherosclerosis early in life

Lower levels of cholesterol in the plasma

No effect on cholesterol levels

What is the result of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Extensive atherosclerosis early in life (correct)

Mild atherosclerosis later in life

Reduced levels of LDL in the plasma

No effect on cholesterol levels

What is the primary cause of Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Defect in LDL receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Age of onset of atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of hyperlipoproteinaemia is Familial Hypercholesterolemia classified as?

Type IIa Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of ketone bodies produced in the body?

Three Signup and view all the answers

Where are ketone bodies synthesized in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal concentration of ketone bodies in the circulation?

10mM Signup and view all the answers

What is a property of ketone bodies that allows high plasma concentrations and their excretion in the urine?

Water-solubility Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of high concentrations of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in the plasma?

Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

How is acetone excreted from the body?

Via the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Lipoprotein Lipase?

Removing the core triacylglycerols from lipoprotein particles Signup and view all the answers

Where is Lipoprotein Lipase found?

In the inner surface of capillaries in tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on Lipoprotein Lipase?

Insulin increases the synthesis of the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficiency in Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)?

Unstable lipoproteins of abnormal structure Signup and view all the answers

How do tissues obtain the cholesterol they need?

By taking up pre-formed cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of taking up pre-formed cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins?

It allows the whole body cholesterol content to be closely controlled Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of lipids are carried as lipoproteins?

98% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of albumin in lipid transport?

To transport fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lipoproteins in medicine?

Disorders in their metabolism are associated with certain diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of apoproteins in lipoproteins?

They have functional and structural roles in packaging lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal maximum level of blood fatty acids?

3mM Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of lipoproteins in the bloodstream?

To transport lipid molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia?

Defective lipoprotein lipase Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bile salt sequestrants on the body?

They promote the loss of bile salts in the feces Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between Type Ila hyperlipoproteinaemia and coronary artery disease?

Severe association Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia?

Defective apoprotein (Apo.E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia?

Raised chylomicrons in fasting plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia and coronary artery disease?