5-L2
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Questions and Answers

What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia characterized by?

  • Abnormalities in HDL receptors
  • Decreased levels of LDL and cholesterol in the plasma
  • Elevated levels of LDL and cholesterol in the plasma (correct)
  • Absence of triglycerides in the blood

    • What is the effect of a deficiency of functional LDL receptors in heterozygotes?

  • Development of the condition later in life (correct)
  • Extensive atherosclerosis early in life
  • Lower levels of cholesterol in the plasma
  • No effect on cholesterol levels

    • What is the result of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

  • Extensive atherosclerosis early in life (correct)
  • Mild atherosclerosis later in life
  • Reduced levels of LDL in the plasma
  • No effect on cholesterol levels

    • What is the primary cause of Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

    <p>Defect in LDL receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

    <p>Age of onset of atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hyperlipoproteinaemia is Familial Hypercholesterolemia classified as?

    <p>Type IIa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of ketone bodies produced in the body?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ketone bodies synthesized in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal concentration of ketone bodies in the circulation?

    <p>10mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a property of ketone bodies that allows high plasma concentrations and their excretion in the urine?

    <p>Water-solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of high concentrations of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in the plasma?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is acetone excreted from the body?

    <p>Via the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Lipoprotein Lipase?

    <p>Removing the core triacylglycerols from lipoprotein particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Lipoprotein Lipase found?

    <p>In the inner surface of capillaries in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on Lipoprotein Lipase?

    <p>Insulin increases the synthesis of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a deficiency in Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)?

    <p>Unstable lipoproteins of abnormal structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tissues obtain the cholesterol they need?

    <p>By taking up pre-formed cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of taking up pre-formed cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins?

    <p>It allows the whole body cholesterol content to be closely controlled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of lipids are carried as lipoproteins?

    <p>98%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of albumin in lipid transport?

    <p>To transport fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of lipoproteins in medicine?

    <p>Disorders in their metabolism are associated with certain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of apoproteins in lipoproteins?

    <p>They have functional and structural roles in packaging lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal maximum level of blood fatty acids?

    <p>3mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of lipoproteins in the bloodstream?

    <p>To transport lipid molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia?

    <p>Defective lipoprotein lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of bile salt sequestrants on the body?

    <p>They promote the loss of bile salts in the feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association between Type Ila hyperlipoproteinaemia and coronary artery disease?

    <p>Severe association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia?

    <p>Defective apoprotein (Apo.E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia?

    <p>Raised chylomicrons in fasting plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association between Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia and coronary artery disease?

    <p>Severe association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia?

    <p>Raised chylomicrons and VLDL in fasting plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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