Fallacies of Irrelevance and Composition

<p>Because opponents may cling to their beliefs despite evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being the teacher's pet leads him to be more competitive and cooperative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It presupposes a definite answer to an unasked question. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests a preferred answer by the way the question is phrased. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Claiming to disregard counter-evidence completely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish validity through questionable definitions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point out the leading nature of the question. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It denies the validity of potential contradicting evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Do you still beat your dog? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identify the assumptions behind the definition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attacking an opponent's character to discredit their argument. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assumes the conclusion is true by defining an A student as someone who can't receive a C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalizing from a small sample to a larger population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying justification or reason for an argument. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no significant difference, these terms are practically interchangeable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It distracts from the actual argument by attacking the person instead of the argument. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underestimating the complexity of a system based on its individual parts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenge the assumptions used in the argument, questioning their validity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post Hoc Fallacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She's the teacher's pet, so she always gets good grades and cooperates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to consider the possibility of multiple causes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By offering alternative causal explanations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a powerful technique for exposing the flaws in an argument. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing examples that show the absurdity of the reasoning. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confusion of Cause and Effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post Hoc Fallacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A relationship where one factor influences and is influenced by another.

Assuming one event leads inevitably to another without evidence.

Another name for the domino fallacy; it suggests a chain reaction of events.

Belief that past events affect future outcomes in random events.

The link that suggests one event is the cause of another.

Rejecting a claim based on the person's circumstances or motives.

Example: "You’re not a woman, so your opinion on abortion is irrelevant."

Assuming what is true for parts is true for the whole.

Example: "Dan and Becky are fine individuals; they’ll make a great couple."

Assuming the truth of the conclusion in the premises.

Example: "I'm an A student; therefore I can't get a C."

Challenge the argument regardless of the person's background.

Point out that the conclusion is assumed in the evidence.

Oversimplifying the causes of an event or series of events.

Assuming Event B is caused by Event A solely because B follows A in time.

Mistaking the cause and effect relationship between two events.

Definitional claims relate to the meaning, while empirical claims are based on observation.

Factors or conditions that precede and contribute to an event.

Questioning causal explanations to evaluate their adequacy.

Imaginary scenarios that illustrate the fallacy in reasoning.

Assessing additional factors that may influence a causal relationship.

A question that assumes an unasked answer to another question.

A question that suggests a proposed answer within its wording.

Refusing to consider evidence against one's claim or assumption.

Evidence that opposes or challenges an existing claim.

Using a questionable definition to support an argument.

Pointing out logical fallacies in an argument.

Underlying beliefs presumed within a question asked.

Assumption made in a question regarding dishonest behavior.