Fallacies of Relevance Quiz

It's the error of drawing conclusions based on statistics without questioning their validity or relevance.

It involves selectively choosing parts of a longer passage, which misrepresents the author's actual intent.

It occurs when someone's argument is misrepresented to make it easier to attack, often oversimplifying complex ideas.

<p>It refers to a situation where the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to inaccurate conclusions that misinform decision-making and public opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrelevant conclusion or ignoratio elenchi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working parents do not have time to give attention, therefore, mothers should stay at home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To distract from the main issue by introducing irrelevant information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that power or threats can justify a person's belief or argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is an example of an irrelevant conclusion or a flawed causal inference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often involves intimidation or threats to gain agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is an example of a red herring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to reaching a conclusion that does not logically follow from the premises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The appeal to pity fallacy is when someone seeks to gain support for an argument by evoking feelings of pity or guilt, rather than providing solid evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example would be a student saying they deserve a passing grade because their pet is sick, rather than focusing on their exam performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The argumentum ad populum fallacy occurs when an argument is deemed valid simply because a large number of people believe it to be true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Popularity does not equate to validity because evidence-based reasoning should determine an idea's truth, not its acceptance by the masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The appeal to false authority fallacy occurs when a claim is supported by someone who is not an expert in the relevant field, using their fame to imply credibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A celebrity promoting a diet plan without medical credentials serves as an example of false authority, as their fame does not validate their nutritional claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional appeals can cloud judgment and divert attention from rational analysis, leading to decisions based on feelings rather than logical evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing logical fallacies is crucial to maintain critical thinking and ensure that conclusions are based on sound logic and evidence rather than emotional manipulation or popularity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fallacy of converse accident, or hasty generalization, occurs when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The false cause fallacy assumes a causal relationship solely based on the sequential occurrence of events, such as believing the aunt's visit caused the baby's stomach pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Begging the question occurs when an argument's premise assumes the conclusion to be true, illustrated by claiming Filipinos are smart because 'Filipinos are smart.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complex question fallacy embeds an assumption within the question, like asking 'Have you stopped driving a car?', implying that one must either admit to or deny driving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neglect aspect fallacy occurs when one draws conclusions based on selective evidence while ignoring other relevant evidence, like claiming Brand A is the best without considering its maintenance costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguity in fallacies refers to the imprecise use of language that leads to confusion, as in statements that can be interpreted in multiple ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These fallacies can lead to faulty reasoning and poor judgments, as they obscure logical thinking and misrepresent evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing fallacies is significant as it helps individuals identify flawed reasoning, making them better equipped to engage in critical thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Ad Hominem fallacy attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself. This tactic is irrelevant to the logic of the argument being presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example would be saying, 'You can't trust her argument on healthcare because she doesn't have a medical degree.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false, or vice versa. This logic fails as it does not provide evidence for the claim being made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fallacies of presumption occur when a conclusion is drawn based on assumptions that are unproven or questionable. They undermine the argument’s validity by relying on dubious premises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example would be stating that 'freedom of speech' allows someone to shout fire in a crowded theater, ignoring legal exceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's problematic because it relies on incomplete reasoning, failing to substantiate a claim with positive evidence. This can lead to false conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can distract from the actual issues at hand, leading audiences to focus on personal attacks instead of the arguments. This diminishes rational discourse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Someone might use it when arguing that a product is safe because no one has proven it harmful, despite no evidence supporting its safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equivocation is when an ambiguous word or phrase is used in different senses in an argument. For example, 'Animal is irrational. No cat is irrational. Therefore, no cat is irrational.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphiboly occurs when the grammatical construction of a sentence leads to ambiguity. An example is: 'I admire all youth of today, which I believe they are the hope of the fatherland.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fallacy of accent emerges from changing the emphasis in spoken or written form to create ambiguity. For instance, 'Jose is smart' can imply different meanings based on who emphasizes it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composition is the fallacy where qualities of members of a class are mistakenly assumed to apply to the whole. For example, 'If a feather drops slowly, a pillow made of feathers also drops slowly.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fallacy of division asserts that what is true of the whole must be true of its parts. For example, 'Duterte's administration provides a fair system; therefore, DSWD's 4Ps program must be fairly distributed.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A self-contradiction involves presenting an argument with contradictory premises, such as 'The teacher teaches the unteachable person.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A false analogy occurs when it is assumed that because two things are alike in one aspect, they are alike in others. For example, 'Jesus Christ must have wings because He wanted to gather the children like a hen.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The black or white fallacy limits the options to two extremes, ignoring other possibilities. An example is saying, 'You are either with us or against us.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

An argument that, while possibly valid in its structure, fails to address the actual issue at hand.

A fallacy where an argument fails to address the issue in question.

An irrelevant topic introduced to divert attention from the original issue.

Using threats or intimidation to persuade someone to accept a proposition.

An error in reasoning where the premises do not logically support the conclusion.

An argument that does not address the core issue.

Avoiding the main problem in an argument.

Using threats or intimidation to persuade someone to accept a proposition.

A fallacy where someone tries to convince you by making you feel sorry for them, instead of using logic or evidence.

This fallacy tries to persuade you by claiming something is true or good because many people believe it or do it.

This fallacy assumes something is true or valid just because a lot of people believe it.

This fallacy uses the opinion of someone who is famous or popular, but not an expert on the topic, to try and convince you.

Another name for "Appeal to Pity" - a fallacy using emotions to gain support.

Another name for "Appeal to False Authority" - a fallacy relying on an unqualified source's opinion.

The "Appeal to Masses" fallacy argues that just because many people believe something, it must be true. This is incorrect.

Applying a general rule to an atypical case.

Making a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.

Assuming event A caused event B just because B happened after A.

Using a statement as both evidence and conclusion.

Assuming something unproven as true to support an argument.

Using the conclusion as evidence for itself.

Phrasing a question to assume the truth of its own conclusion.

Ignoring evidence that would support a different conclusion.

A fallacy where conclusions are drawn from statistics or evidence without questioning how they were gathered or how significant they are to the issue.

Cherry-picking quotes to distort the original meaning of a text by selectively using parts of a passage without representing the full context.

Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack and criticize, by simplifying or exaggerating it.

An argument where the conclusion doesn't logically follow from the premises, creating a disconnect between the evidence and the claim.

When the conclusion of an argument is absolutely guaranteed by the truth of the premises. If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

This fallacy attacks the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. It focuses on personal characteristics or motives, irrelevant to the argument's validity.

Latin for "against the man." This fallacy is about attacking the character or motives of the arguer rather than the argument itself.

This fallacy assumes something is true because it cannot be proven false, or it's false because it cannot be proven true.

These fallacies make unwarranted assumptions about the truth of a proposition, leading to faulty conclusions.

This fallacy takes a generally true principle and wrongly applies it to an exceptional case.

This fallacy tries to apply a broadly true principle to a case where it doesn't fit. It uses general rules for specific situations where they aren't appropriate.

This is a potential fallacy. Relying on a parent's or other person's authority instead of real evidence.

This may be a fallacy. It uses vague authority (3 out of 4 dentists) to imply a product's quality.

A fallacy where an ambiguous word or phrase is used with different meanings in different parts of an argument, leading to a faulty conclusion.

A fallacy where ambiguity arises due to the grammatical structure of a sentence, leading to misinterpretations.

A fallacy where changing the emphasis on a word or phrase during communication alters the meaning, leading to a misleading argument.

A fallacy where a property possessed by parts of a whole is mistakenly assumed to be possessed by the whole itself.

A fallacy where a property possessed by a whole is mistakenly assumed to be possessed by its individual parts.

A fallacy where an argument contains premises that contradict each other, rendering the argument invalid.

A fallacy where an analogy is used to draw a comparison between two things that are not sufficiently similar, leading to a flawed conclusion.

A fallacy where only two extreme options are presented, ignoring the possibility of intermediate or alternative options.