Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which fallacy occurs when someone argues that a statement is false simply because it hasn't been proven true?
Which fallacy occurs when someone argues that a statement is false simply because it hasn't been proven true?
- Straw Man
- Red Herring
- Appeal to Ignorance (correct)
- Appeal to Tradition
Which fallacy is exemplified by arguing against a claim by criticizing the person making the claim, rather than the claim itself?
Which fallacy is exemplified by arguing against a claim by criticizing the person making the claim, rather than the claim itself?
- Appeal to Emotion
- Appeal to Popularity
- Appeal to the Person (correct)
- Genetic Fallacy
"Everyone is buying this new phone, so it must be good." This statement is an example of which type of fallacy?
"Everyone is buying this new phone, so it must be good." This statement is an example of which type of fallacy?
- Appeal to Tradition
- Appeal to Emotion
- Genetic Fallacy
- Appeal to Popularity (correct)
Which fallacy involves misattributing a characteristic of the parts to the whole?
Which fallacy involves misattributing a characteristic of the parts to the whole?
Which fallacy is committed when an argument's conclusion is simply a restatement of its premise?
Which fallacy is committed when an argument's conclusion is simply a restatement of its premise?
"If we allow students to use calculators in class, they will never learn basic arithmetic. Then they won't be able to balance their checkbooks, and eventually they will be bankrupt." This is an example of which fallacy?
"If we allow students to use calculators in class, they will never learn basic arithmetic. Then they won't be able to balance their checkbooks, and eventually they will be bankrupt." This is an example of which fallacy?
What type of fallacy is committed when an arguer distracts by raising an unrelated issue?
What type of fallacy is committed when an arguer distracts by raising an unrelated issue?
"This policy has been in place for 50 years, so it must be the best way to do things." This statement is an example of which fallacy?
"This policy has been in place for 50 years, so it must be the best way to do things." This statement is an example of which fallacy?
Which fallacy occurs when someone distorts or weakens an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack?
Which fallacy occurs when someone distorts or weakens an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack?
Which fallacy involves using a word in two different senses in an argument?
Which fallacy involves using a word in two different senses in an argument?
Which fallacy involves arguing that because two things are similar in some ways, they must be similar in another specific way?
Which fallacy involves arguing that because two things are similar in some ways, they must be similar in another specific way?
Which fallacy is committed when drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a small or inadequate sample?
Which fallacy is committed when drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a small or inadequate sample?
Which fallacy involves limiting options to only two possibilities when more exist?
Which fallacy involves limiting options to only two possibilities when more exist?
What type of fallacy occurs when someone dismisses a claim based on its source rather than its content?
What type of fallacy occurs when someone dismisses a claim based on its source rather than its content?
"You must accept my proposal, or I'll be heartbroken." This is an example of which type of fallacy?
"You must accept my proposal, or I'll be heartbroken." This is an example of which type of fallacy?
"This stadium is huge; therefore, each individual seat in the stadium must also be huge." This statement commits which fallacy?
"This stadium is huge; therefore, each individual seat in the stadium must also be huge." This statement commits which fallacy?
Which of the following fallacies diverts attention from the argument by introducing an irrelevant topic?
Which of the following fallacies diverts attention from the argument by introducing an irrelevant topic?
Which type of fallacy assumes that because something is true of a whole, it must also be true of its individual parts?
Which type of fallacy assumes that because something is true of a whole, it must also be true of its individual parts?
Which fallacy attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?
Which fallacy attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?
"Since nobody has proven that ghosts don't exist, they probably do." This logic commits which fallacy?
"Since nobody has proven that ghosts don't exist, they probably do." This logic commits which fallacy?
Flashcards
Equivocation
Equivocation
Misusing a word with two or more different meanings within the same argument.
Composition Fallacy
Composition Fallacy
Attributing something true of the parts to the whole, incorrectly.
Division Fallacy
Division Fallacy
Assuming something true of the whole must be true of its parts.
Genetic Fallacy
Genetic Fallacy
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Appeal to the Person (Ad Hominem)
Appeal to the Person (Ad Hominem)
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Appeal to Emotion
Appeal to Emotion
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Appeal to Popularity
Appeal to Popularity
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Appeal to Tradition
Appeal to Tradition
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Appeal to Ignorance
Appeal to Ignorance
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Red Herring
Red Herring
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Straw Man Fallacy
Straw Man Fallacy
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Begging the Question
Begging the Question
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False Dilemma
False Dilemma
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Slippery Slope
Slippery Slope
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Hasty Generalization
Hasty Generalization
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Faulty Analogy
Faulty Analogy
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Study Notes
- Irrelevant premises are fallacies where the reasons offered don't logically support the conclusion
Equivocation
- This involves misusing a word that has multiple meanings
- Example: God is love; love is blind; therefore, God is blind
Composition
- This fallacy attributes a characteristic of the parts to the whole
- Example: Standing at a concert improves individual viewing, therefore, everyone standing will see better
Division
- This is the opposite of composition, attributing a characteristic of the whole to its parts
- Example: A sculpture is expensive; therefore, it must be made of jewels
Genetic Fallacy
- Judges a claim based on its source rather than its content
- Example: Disregarding information solely because it comes from Wikipedia
Appeal to the Person (Ad Hominem)
- Attacks the person making the argument instead of the argument itself
- Example: Dismissing someone's argument because they spread rumors about their ex
Appeal to Emotion
- Relies on strong, but irrelevant, emotions instead of logical reasoning
- Example: Claiming one's wife will leave if the other person rejects them
Appeal to Popularity (Ad Populum)
- Asserts something is true because the majority approves of it
- Example: Suggesting an unknown film is better than a highly-ranked one
Appeal to Tradition
- Argues something is true because it's been traditionally or culturally accepted
- Example: Claiming eating meat is moral as humans have done it for years
Appeal to Ignorance
- Claims something is false because it hasn't been proven true
- Example: Assuming news is false simply because it is not rejected
Red Herring
- Introduces a misleading claim to distract from the main argument
- Example: Recounting good memories of military service to defend mandatory service
Straw Man
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Distorts or weakens an opponent's position to make it easier to attack
-
Example: Presenting military service opponents as enemies of the country
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Unacceptable Premises refer to logical fallacies where the premises themselves are flawed
Begging the Question
- Concludes a claim by simply repeating the premise in different words
- Example: Cheating on taxes is immoral because it violates moral principles
False Dilemma (False Dichotomy)
- Presents only two options when more exist
- Example: Claiming you must get a degree today or you won't find a job
Slippery Slope
- Argues that one step will inevitably lead to undesirable consequences without sufficient evidence
- Example: Not getting a degree leads to a bad CV, unemployment, and a dead-end job
Hasty Generalization
- Draws a conclusion about a group based on insufficient evidence
- Example: Claiming all male Gender Studies professors are sexist based on one instance
Faulty Analogy
- Assumes that if two things are similar in some ways, they must be similar in others
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