Fair Housing Overview and Legislation
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Questions and Answers

What can happen to real estate licensees if they violate fair housing regulations?

  • They can be awarded.
  • They can be promoted.
  • They can be fined.
  • They can be revoked, suspended, denied, or otherwise restricted. (correct)
  • What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 accomplish?

    Gave civil rights to newly freed slaves.

    What is the significance of the 'Separate but Equal' doctrine established in 1896?

    It was a decision by the Supreme Court in Plessy vs. Ferguson.

    What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaw?

    <p>Discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 7 protected classes under fair housing laws?

    <p>Race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, handicap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FHEO stand for?

    <p>Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Fair Housing Act of 1968?

    <p>To prohibit discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 add to protected classes?

    <p>It added sex to the list of protected classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibit?

    <p>Discrimination in the extension of credit based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or marital status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 add?

    <p>Disability and familial status to protected classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Housing for Older Persons Act (HOPA) allow?

    <p>Housing intended for persons aged 55 or older no longer needs to have significant facilities and services designed for the elderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 require?

    <p>Facilities funded by the U.S. Federal Government must be accessible to the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 protect individuals?

    <p>It extends protection to those with physical or mental handicaps in federally funded houses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?

    <p>To require reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities and to prohibit discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Truth in Lending Act of 1969 (TILA) has no specified definition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 encourage?

    <p>Banks to meet the credit needs of entire communities, including low-income and moderate-income areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) establish?

    <p>New regulations and agencies for real estate appraisals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994 (HOEPA) focus on?

    <p>Predatory practices relating to home equity lending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is packing in terms of housing?

    <p>When borrowers are led to believe that credit insurance must be purchased to qualify for a loan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions is the sale or rental of a single-family home exempt?

    <p>If the owner does not own more than three homes at one time, no real estate professional is involved, and no discriminatory advertising is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Fair Housing Act protects juvenile offenders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of properties are covered under the DC Human Rights Act?

    <p>Apartments, single-family homes, condos, mobile homes, nursing homes, senior care facilities, group homes, shelters, residential hotels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 21 protected traits recognized in fair housing laws?

    <p>Race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity, family responsibilities, political affiliation, disability, matriculation, familial status, genetic information, income source, place of residence/business, status of domestic violence, credit information, status of family sexual violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 18 protected traits under the DC Human Rights Act?

    <p>Race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, familial status, family responsibilities, matriculation, political affiliation, disability, source of income, status as a victim of an intra-family offense, place of residence or business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for reasonable occupancy restrictions?

    <p>(2 x number of bedrooms) + 1 = number of occupants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are additional protections for victims of intra-family offenses?

    <p>Damage to the dwelling, noise from incidents, police presence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the LGBT Housing Initiative?

    <p>It provides equal access to housing in HUD programs regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is personal appearance defined under the Human Rights Act?

    <p>It refers to a person's outward appearance, including bodily condition, manner or style of dress, and grooming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DC definition of sex includes a woman's right to breastfeed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8) signify?

    <p>Funds from this program are considered a source of income, protecting recipients from discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tort in legal terms?

    <p>Any act that brings harm or infringes upon someone's rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is steering in real estate?

    <p>When members of a certain minority group are directed away from or to certain listings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is redlining?

    <p>The denial of loans in specific areas based on ethnicity or biased perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blockbusting in real estate?

    <p>Encouraging people to sell homes by falsely claiming a minority group moving in will negatively impact property values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are civil penalties for violations of the federal Fair Housing Act?

    <p>$21,410 for a first violation, $53,524 for a prior violation, and $107,050 for a third violation within seven years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fair Housing Overview

    • Additional penalties for real estate licensees may include revocation, suspension, denial, or restrictions.
    • The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted civil rights to newly freed slaves.
    • "Separate but Equal" was the 1896 Supreme Court decision stemming from Plessy v. Ferguson.
    • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
    • Seven protected classes under fair housing laws: race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, and handicap.

    Key Legislative Acts

    • FHEO (Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity) is a part of HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development).
    • The Fair Housing Act of 1968 (Title VIII) prohibited discrimination in housing sales, rentals, and financing based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
    • The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 added sex as a protected class.
    • The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) bars credit discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or marital status.
    • The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 expanded protected classes to include disability and familial status.

    Accessibility and Housing Rights

    • The Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 mandates federal buildings be accessible to individuals with disabilities.
    • The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 extended housing protections to those with physical or mental disabilities.
    • The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities in employment and public facilities.

    Consumer Protection Laws

    • The Truth in Lending Act of 1969 (TILA) concerns transparent credit practices.
    • The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (RESPA) promotes consumer awareness and protects against excessive settlement costs.
    • The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 encourages banks to meet credit needs across communities, combating practices like redlining.
    • The Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 established regulations for real estate appraisals.

    Fair Housing Act Exemptions

    • Exemptions include single-family housing sold by owners without real estate involvement and owner-occupied buildings with up to four units.
    • Commercial properties and certain senior housing may also be exempt if qualifying conditions are met.

    Tenant Rights and Protections

    • Fair Housing Act does not protect juvenile offenders, sex offenders, or those abusing controlled substances.
    • DC Human Rights Act includes a broader range of protected traits, encompassing 21 categories.
    • Reasonable occupancy standards allow two occupants per bedroom plus one additional occupant.

    Victims of Domestic Violence

    • Housing providers have responsibilities to assist victims of intra-family offenses, including considerations for alternate housing and absences of up to 45 days for safety.

    Discrimination Practices

    • Steering directs minority groups away from certain neighborhoods to influence the area's character.
    • Redlining occurs when loans are denied based on ethnic backgrounds rather than financial reasoning.
    • Blockbusting encourages property sales by falsely claiming shifting demographics will negatively impact values.

    Enforcement and Penalties

    • Civil penalties for violations of federal Fair Housing Act: $21,410 for first violations, escalating for repeat offenses.
    • Complaints with the Office of Human Rights must be filed within one year; mediation and investigations are conducted to resolve disputes.
    • Civil penalties in DC can reach a maximum of $50,000 based on the respondent's history of discriminatory practices.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts and key legislative acts regarding fair housing in the United States. It explores the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Fair Housing Act of 1968, and the various protected classes under fair housing laws. Test your knowledge on these pivotal laws and their impact on civil rights.

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