Factors Influencing Tropical Cyclones Emergence
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of this chapter?

  • The process of change in nature and human perspective. (correct)
  • The different types of natural disasters.
  • The impact of natural disasters on human life.
  • The causes of earthquakes and tsunamis.

    • Which of the following is an example of a gradual or slow change?

  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Tsunamis
  • Earthquakes
  • Evolution of landforms (correct)

    • What is the perspective of nature towards changes?

  • Value-neutral (correct)
  • Always negative
  • Dependent on human perception
  • Always positive

    • Which of the following phenomena can have global dimensions?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the human perspective, how are changes viewed?

    <p>Value-loaded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes changes with global dimensions from localized changes?

    <p>Magnitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a disaster according to the text?

    <p>An undesirable occurrence due to human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some changes considered bad and others good according to the text?

    <p>Because good changes benefit human life, while bad changes disrupt life and property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disasters are directly caused by human activities according to the text?

    <p>Release of CFCs and environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures are suggested to prevent disasters caused by human actions?

    <p>Establishment of National Institute of Disaster Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes natural hazards from disasters according to the text?

    <p>Disasters involve harm to people or property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of disasters according to the text?

    <p>Ripening of fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are scholars often observed using disasters and natural hazards interchangeably?

    <p>Because they are distinct but related phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What events accelerate or intensify disasters indirectly according to the text?

    <p>Deforestation leading to landslides and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major reason for the increase in human-made disasters over the years according to the text?

    <p>Increase in numbers and magnitudes of human-made disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach towards natural disasters according to the text?

    <p>Prevent and minimize occurrences through mitigation and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of natural disasters includes events like blizzards and tornadoes?

    <p>Atmospheric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was declared as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction?

    <p>1990-2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country hosted the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction in 1994?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group does the Yokohama Strategy prioritize for assistance in dealing with natural disasters?

    <p>Small-island developing states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of disasters are most unpredictable and highly destructive according to the text?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction acknowledge in terms of society's vulnerability?

    <p>Vulnerability is rising and society has become more vulnerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was adopted as a guide for the decade to mitigate losses due to natural disasters?

    <p>Yokohama Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural disasters are mentioned to affect the poor and disadvantageous groups the worst?

    <p>Droughts and Soil Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the World Conference declare the decade 1990-2000 as?

    <p>International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to India's vulnerability to natural disasters?

    <p>High Population Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of earthquakes discussed in the text?

    <p>Tectonic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India is moving towards the north and northeastern direction at a speed of one centimetre per year?

    <p>Indian plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in the breaking up of the lock between the Indian and Eurasian plates, leading to earthquakes along the Himalayan arch?

    <p>Accumulation of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of India falls under the Very High Damage Risk Zone as per the earthquake zone classification mentioned in the text?

    <p>Kashmir Valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between natural hazards and natural disasters?

    <p>Natural hazards are gradual, while natural disasters are sudden.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is every disaster considered unique according to the text?

    <p>As each disaster is controlled by different factors in the local environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do earth scientists find difficult to explain regarding earthquakes in India?

    <p>Occurrence in stable landmasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to an increase in vulnerability to natural disasters in certain areas?

    <p>Human intervention and intensification of activities in disaster-prone zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department, along with others, made an intensive analysis of over 1,200 earthquakes in India?

    <p>Geological Survey of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a global concern regarding natural disasters?

    <p>The limited ability of individual countries to cope with disaster damages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common misconception about earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>They occur randomly without warning signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action aim to achieve?

    <p>To create a safer world by addressing disaster management at a global level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is classified under the Low Damage Risk Zone as per the earthquake zone classification mentioned in the text?

    <p>Western Uttar Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when excessive energy accumulates between tectonic plates?

    <p>Stress builds up leading to a sudden release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the table provided in the text illustrate?

    <p>Historical data on deaths caused by various natural disasters in different countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have disasters been less damaging historically according to the text?

    <p>As people avoided intensifying their activities in delicate ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do earthquakes become calamities in populated areas?

    <p>The scale, magnitude, and suddenness of earthquakes lead to disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in perception of natural hazards and disasters has occurred over the years?

    <p>'Natural hazards and disasters' are now seen as two separate phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best summarizes the growing concern among people regarding natural disasters?

    <p>'People are increasingly aware and taking steps to minimize the impact of disasters.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the socio-economic impacts of earthquakes?

    <p>Increased stress on weak economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the vulnerability of states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab to floods?

    <p>Monsoon patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Tamil Nadu experience flooding during November - January?

    <p>Retreating monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of earthquakes on man-made structures?

    <p>Buckling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of frequent floods on human settlements in India?

    <p>Homelessness and displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the impact of a tsunami be described over the ocean?

    <p>Limited wave-height and wave-length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential step in earthquake hazard mitigation as per the text?

    <p>Establishing earthquake monitoring centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impact of floods on physical infrastructure according to the text?

    <p>Destruction of roads, rails, and bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do earthquakes contribute to environmental consequences?

    <p>Contributing to river flow obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions in India are mentioned to be vulnerable to flash floods?

    <p>Punjab, Rajasthan, Northern Gujarat, and Haryana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of preparing a vulnerability map of a country as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To discourage construction in vulnerable areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the water-borne diseases that can spread during floods according to the text?

    <p>Cholera and Gastro-enteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do earth waves restore water level after a tsunami disturbance?

    <p>Series of afterwaves oscillating between high crest and low trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to detect a tsunami in the deeper parts of the sea?

    <p>&quot;Over deep water, the tsunami has very long wave-length and limited wave-height&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do earthquakes impact the environment?

    <p>By contributing to river flow obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key aspect of earthquake hazard mitigation according to the text?

    <p>Establishing earthquake monitoring centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of energy for a tropical cyclone?

    <p>Warm moist air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In India, which coastal areas are more likely to be struck by severe cyclonic storms?

    <p>Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea coastal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the abnormal rise in sea level during a tropical cyclone?

    <p>Storm surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of floods in well-identified regions?

    <p>Excessive surface run-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity contributes to increasing the intensity of floods?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between tropical cyclones and floods?

    <p>Floods are slower in occurrences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an abnormal rise in the sea level during a tropical cyclone?

    <p>Storm Surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in the genesis as well as spread of floods?

    <p>Human activities like deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the driving force for a storm surge during a cyclone?

    <p>Very high horizontal pressure-gradient and strong surface winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the abnormal rise in sea level known as Storm Surge?

    <p>Interaction of air, sea, and land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increase in wave height when a tsunami enters shallow water?

    <p>The wave-length gets reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are tsunamis frequently observed according to the text?

    <p>Pacific ring of fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes tropical cyclones?

    <p>Low-pressure core known as the eye of the storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor contributing to the intensification of tropical cyclones?

    <p>Release of latent heat due to condensation of moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is most prone to tropical cyclones originating in India?

    <p>Eastern states near the Bay of Bengal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mitigating tsunami disasters challenging, as stated in the text?

    <p>The extensive scale of damage and losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the wave-height when a tsunami enters shallow water?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the formation of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal during specific months?

    <p>Moisture-laden winds over warm waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature of tropical cyclones?

    <p>Isobars closely placed showing high-pressure gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tropical cyclones differ from other natural hazards according to the text?

    <p>Mitigating their effects involves international cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind sudden and swift natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions and tsunamis?

    <p>Lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do changes have different meanings for different people according to the text?

    <p>Because of human perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of changes when viewed from the perspective of nature?

    <p>Value-neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of changes can occur suddenly and swiftly according to the text?

    <p>Tornado occurrences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are changes perceived to be by nature according to the text?

    <p>Value-neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of changes can occur within a few seconds in a smaller area?

    <p>Hailstorms and dust storms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the Yokohama Strategy and International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction?

    <p>It emphasizes strengthening national capacities for disaster prevention and cooperation among countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes earthquakes particularly destructive compared to other natural disasters?

    <p>Their ability to strike without warning and cause widespread damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of India contributes to its heightened vulnerability to natural disasters according to the text?

    <p>Its geographical vastness coupled with social discriminations and large population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event led to the adoption of the Yokohama strategy by the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction?

    <p>The rise in economic losses due to natural disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way did the World Conference on Natural Disasters Reduction acknowledge society's vulnerability?

    <p>It accepted that society has become more vulnerable to natural disasters, especially in developing countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) declared by the World Conference?

    <p>To reduce human and economic losses from natural disasters over a decade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the impact of earthquakes unique compared to other natural disasters?

    <p>Their random occurrence without any specific warning signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are developing countries particularly ill-equipped to handle natural disasters, according to the text?

    <p>Because of their limited funding for disaster preparedness measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'India is one of those countries which has experienced most of the natural disasters mentioned in Table 7.2.' Why is this statement significant in understanding India's vulnerability?

    <p>'India's unique geographical position makes it more prone to natural disasters.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high loss of life and property caused by tsunamis as compared to other natural hazards?

    <p>High waveheights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the mitigation of hazards created by tsunamis particularly challenging?

    <p>Large scale of losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature characterizes the eye of a tropical cyclone?

    <p>Cloudless center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the energization of tropical cyclones according to the text?

    <p>Release of latent heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force behind the abnormal rise in sea level during a tropical cyclone?

    <p>Latent heat release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most tropical cyclones in India originate during the monsoon season?

    <p>Bay of Bengal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to the spatio-temporal distribution of tropical cyclones in India?

    <p>Peninsular shape surrounded by water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the establishment of the National Institute of Disaster Management in India?

    <p>To prevent and minimize human-made disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were natural forces initially viewed as the sole cause of disasters?

    <p>To emphasize human innocence and helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of natural hazards compared to natural disasters?

    <p>Natural hazards have the potential to cause harm, while natural disasters actually cause harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have human-made disasters increased over the years according to the text?

    <p>Because human activities are directly responsible for causing disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor distinguishes landslides caused by deforestation from other types of disasters?

    <p>They are accelerated or intensified indirectly by human actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the focus of preventing human-made disasters from preventing natural disasters?

    <p>The focus on reducing or eliminating human activities that cause disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some scholars use the terms 'disasters' and 'natural hazards' interchangeably?

    <p>To simplify complex scientific concepts for educational purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about disasters, as per the text?

    <p>'Disasters' mainly result from human actions, not natural forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What contributes significantly to the formation of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal during specific months?' is best categorized as a question testing:

    <p>'Understanding' causal relationships from the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons why states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab are vulnerable to floods?

    <p>Blocking of streams and river channels by human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India experiences flooding during November - January due to the retreating monsoon?

    <p>Tamil Nadu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the serious consequences of floods on the national economy and society in India?

    <p>Destruction of physical infrastructure like roads and bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which states in India are mentioned as prone to flash floods in recent decades?

    <p>Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of floods mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disruption of valuable crops and physical infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of frequent inundation of agricultural land and human settlement in states like Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh?

    <p>Flooding rivers in these regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes natural disasters from natural hazards according to the text?

    <p>Natural disasters are sudden and cause widespread death, while natural hazards are gradual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action mentioned in the text?

    <p>It emphasizes building resilience against natural disasters at the U.N. General Assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people tend to intensify their activities in disaster-prone areas according to the text?

    <p>As a result of technological power giving capacity for human intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were hazards and disasters previously seen as closely associated phenomena?

    <p>Because areas prone to hazards were also vulnerable to disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has changed in the perception of natural disasters and hazards over the years?

    <p>Disasters are now seen as controllable events by human beings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement summarizes the impact technological power has had on human vulnerability to disasters?

    <p>Human intervention has increased vulnerability by intensifying activities in disaster-prone areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about every disaster according to the text?

    <p>The way each social group negotiates with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of earthquake hazard mitigation as per the text?

    <p>Establishing monitoring centers for regular monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to detect a tsunami in the deeper parts of the sea?

    <p>Tsunamis have very long wave-length in deep water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to the formation of reservoirs according to the text?

    <p>Landslides caused by earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a challenge in providing relief to earthquake victims according to the text?

    <p>Transport and communication link destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural disaster results in sudden displacement of ocean water, creating high vertical waves?

    <p>Tsunamis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to making the impact of tsunamis less significant over the ocean?

    <p>Limited wave-height over deep waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important aspect mentioned for disaster preparedness and mitigation?

    <p>Educating people in vulnerable areas on risk reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do surface seismic waves produce environmental consequences according to the text?

    <p>By forming fissures on upper layers of earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do afterwaves impact water level restoration after a tsunami disturbance according to the text?

    <p>They oscillate between high crest and low trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct consequence of landslides caused by earthquakes as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Formation of reservoirs obstructing river flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of earthquakes that prove to be the most devastating?

    <p>Tectonic activities in the earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do earthquakes associated with volcanic eruptions and rock falls generally have a limited area of influence?

    <p>Less energy accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India is moving towards the north and northeastern direction at a speed of one centimetre per year?

    <p>Jammu and Kashmir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive energy accumulation leading to building up of stress in tectonic plates?

    <p>Sudden release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization, along with others, made an intensive analysis of over 1,200 earthquakes in India?

    <p>National Geophysical Laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the North-east states, Western Himachal Pradesh, and Kashmir Valley in the Himalayan region from the rest of India?

    <p>Classification in the High Damage Risk Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes earthquakes in Gujarat and Maharashtra from those in other regions?

    <p>Emergence of fault lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parts of India fall under the High Damage Risk Zone according to earthquake zone classification?

    <p>Jammu and Kashmir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do areas covered under the Deccan plateau tend to be considered safe from natural disasters?

    <p>Stable landmass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas were found to be included in the Very High Damage Risk Zone based on earthquake zone classification?

    <p>North-east states and Uttarakhand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for a tropical cyclone, according to the text?

    <p>Latent heat from warm moist air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India is most prone to severe cyclonic storms, leading to an average velocity of 180 km/h?

    <p>West Bengal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes flooding in well-identified regions, according to the text?

    <p>High-intensity rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity contributes significantly to the intensity and magnitude of floods?

    <p>Indiscriminate deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tropical cyclones impact sea levels, leading to storm surges?

    <p>Interaction of air, sea, and land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of floods in flood-prone regions like Assam, West Bengal, and Bihar?

    <p>Human activities like deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural phenomenon provides the driving force for a surge during a cyclone?

    <p>Very high horizontal pressure-gradient with strong winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in increasing the intensity, magnitude, and gravity of floods?

    <p>Indiscriminate deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a tropical cyclone have on the coastal areas in India?

    <p>Abnormal rise in sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of changes from the perspective of nature, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Value-neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a sudden and swift natural phenomenon according to the text?

    <p>Lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are changes said to have different meanings for different people according to the text?

    <p>Because they are value-loaded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when understanding changes from the human perspective?

    <p>Value-loadedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between changes that are gradual versus those that are sudden and swift?

    <p>Duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural phenomena are highlighted as having global dimensions in the text?

    <p>Volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes significantly to India's vulnerability to natural disasters?

    <p>Large population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes earthquakes the most unpredictable and highly destructive of all the natural disasters?

    <p>Unpredictable nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Yokohama Strategy adopted at the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction?

    <p>Strengthening national capacities for disaster mitigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was acknowledged to be the worst affected by natural disasters according to the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction?

    <p>Developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe India's vulnerability to natural disasters based on its vast environmental diversities?

    <p>'Vulnerable subcontinent'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which session of the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction declared the decade 1990-2000 as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction?

    <p>Yokohama Session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of India's physical environment has contributed significantly to its vulnerability to natural disasters?

    <p>Vast coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of India has made it susceptible to prolonged colonial past and various forms of social discriminations?

    <p>'Vast geographical area'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Land of unity in diversity' is used to describe which country's vulnerability to natural disasters?

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vulnerable subcontinent' refers to a concept that highlights which country's susceptibility to natural disasters?

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of earthquakes that are considered the most devastating?

    <p>Tectonic activities in the earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region in India is experiencing a theory of emergence of a fault line and energy build-up along the fault line near Latur and Osmanabad?

    <p>Maharashtra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government organization has made an intensive analysis of over 1,200 earthquakes that have occurred in India?

    <p>Geological Survey of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which states in India fall under the High Damage Risk Zone for earthquakes?

    <p>Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some areas in India fall under the Very Low Damage Risk Zone for earthquakes?

    <p>Being part of the Deccan plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What socio-environmental consequences are commonly associated with earthquakes?

    <p>Fear and horror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the movement of the Indian plate contribute to earthquake occurrences along the Himalayan arch?

    <p>By being locked with the Eurasian plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major challenge do earth scientists face in explaining earthquake occurrences on the Peninsular block?

    <p>'Mature landmass' status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates natural disasters from natural hazards based on the text?

    <p>The controllability by human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of tropical cyclones?

    <p>Distinct eye feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to the spatio-temporal distribution of tropical cyclones in India?

    <p>Monsoon winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are disasters caused by human activities considered different from natural disasters?

    <p>Human activities directly trigger them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of disasters, what is meant by 'mobilisation of efforts in excess of that which are normally provided by statutory emergency services'?

    <p>Call for specialized response beyond routine services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind considering every disaster as unique according to the text?

    <p>Natural disasters have different impacts on local socio-environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the observation highlighted in the text indicated about the changes in natural disasters over the years?

    <p>Increase in the magnitude and damages caused by natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are areas like Mumbai and Chennai along the coast considered vulnerable to cyclones, hurricanes, and tsunamis?

    <p>Colonization of flood plains and high land values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the U.N. General Assembly address in 1989 regarding natural disasters?

    <p>Collaborative measures for disaster management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has human intervention in nature through technological advancements increased vulnerability to disasters according to the text?

    <p>Greater capacity for intensifying activities in disaster-prone regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do concerted efforts at various levels aim to achieve in relation to natural disasters?

    <p>Enhancement of individual nation-states' coping capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key differences between tropical cyclones and floods as discussed in the text?

    <p>Tropical cyclones are slow in occurrence while floods are relatively fast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does human activity play in increasing the intensity and magnitude of floods according to the text?

    <p>Human activities reduce the capacity of river channels and streams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which months are tropical cyclones most frequent in the Arabian Sea according to the provided data?

    <p>April and May</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when water in the form of surface run-off exceeds the carrying capacity of river channels and streams according to the text?

    <p>Flooding of low-lying areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct consequence of the abnormal rise in sea level caused by tropical cyclones?

    <p>Flooding of human settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions in India are among the high flood-prone states as per the provided data?

    <p>Assam, West Bengal, and Bihar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the impact of tropical cyclones unique compared to other natural disasters according to the text?

    <p>The involvement of storm surges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the reduction in wavelength and increase in waveheight of a tsunami when it enters shallow water?

    <p>Alteration in wave period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of a tropical cyclone's centre that is known as the eye of the storm?

    <p>Cloudless core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes most significantly to the energization of tropical cyclones, making them act like heat engines?

    <p>Release of latent heat due to condensation of moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are tropical cyclones considered intense low-pressure areas in the atmosphere?

    <p>As a result of high velocity winds blowing around them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to the spatio-temporal distribution of tropical cyclones in India?

    <p>Peninsular shape surrounded by oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to mitigate the hazards created by tsunamis according to the text?

    <p>'Losses are on a much larger scale' compared to other natural hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region experiences most tropical cyclones between October and November, based on the text?

    <p>Sunderban Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do tropical cyclones have a horizontal extension of up to 500-1,000 km?

    <p>'Expansion of the wind belt' from the centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons for the vulnerability of rivers in states like Punjab and Uttar Pradesh to occasional floods?

    <p>Blocking of streams and river channels by human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions in India are mentioned to be seriously affected by flash floods in recent decades?

    <p>Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the flooding experienced by Tamil Nadu during November - January?

    <p>Retreating monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the consequences of frequent floods on human settlements in India?

    <p>Millions rendered homeless and loss of infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas in India are mentioned to be affected by cyclones that can lead to serious consequences?

    <p>Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the serious consequences of floods on the national economy mentioned in the text?

    <p>Damage to valuable crops and physical infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the environmental consequences of earthquakes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Displacement of ocean water causing tsunamis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the devastating impacts of earthquakes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lack of preparedness measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do surface seismic waves affect the earth's crust according to the text?

    <p>Opening fissures through which materials gush out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is suggested in earthquake hazard mitigation to minimize adverse impacts in vulnerable areas?

    <p>Modifying house types with earthquake-resistant designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus in earthquake hazard mitigation as per the text?

    <p>Disaster preparedness and mitigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as an important step in earthquake hazard mitigation according to the text?

    <p>Modifying house types with earthquake-resistant designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of an excessive accumulation of energy between tectonic plates?

    <p>Building up of stress resulting in earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are tsunamis triggered according to the text?

    <p>Sudden displacement of ocean water due to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the depth of water play in determining the speed of tsunamis?

    <p>Shallow water has faster tsunamis than deep water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tsunamis near coasts from those over deep sea according to the text?

    <p>Near coast tsunamis have shorter wavelengths than deep sea tsunamis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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