Factors Influencing Oral Drug Absorption Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is drug absorption?

The process of the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the extracellular compartment of the body.

What is the most common mechanism of absorption?

Passive non-ionic diffusion.

What factors influence drug absorption?

Molecular size, shape, degree of ionization, and lipid solubility.

What is disintegration?

<p>The breaking of oral solid dosage forms (SDFs) into small particles to allow drug release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of SDFs are exempt from disintegration requirements according to USP guidelines?

<p>Troches, chewable tablets, and modified release DFs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dissolution?

<p>The process where the drug dissolves in a solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is solubility determined in pharmaceutical development?

<p>By dissolving a known quantity of a drug in 250mL buffer (pH 1.0-8.0).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between dissolution and absorption?

<p>The rate of dissolution is often directly related to the rate of absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Disintegration Apparatus 5?

<p>To assess the disintegration of oral solid dosage forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors affecting oral drug absorption?

<p>Disintegration, dissolution and solubility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the official guidelines for disintegration of most SDFs according to USP?

<p>Chapter 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the USP disintegration diagram be found?

<p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jps.24511">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jps.24511</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors affecting oral drug absorption?

<p>Disintegration, dissolution (testing), solubility, permeability, rate-limiting steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the dosage forms discussed?

<p>solutions, suspensions, caps, tabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is drug absorption?

<p>The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream and reaches its site of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between controlled-release and immediate release products?

<p>Controlled-release products release the drug particles slowly over time, while immediate release products release the drug particles immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the plasma concentration time-curves differ between controlled-release and immediate release products?

<p>The plasma concentration time-curve for controlled-release products shows a gradual increase and sustained release of drug, while the plasma concentration time-curve for immediate release products shows a rapid increase and rapid decline of drug concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are drug bioavailability and bioequivalence?

<p>Drug bioavailability is the extent to which a drug reaches its site of action, while bioequivalence compares the bioavailability of the same drug in different formulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do drug bioavailability and bioequivalence differ?

<p>Bioavailability refers to the extent of drug reaching its site of action, while bioequivalence compares the bioavailability of the same drug in different formulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three indices of bioavailability?

<p>Cmax, tmax, AUC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)?

<p>A system that classifies drugs based on their solubility and permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors considered in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)?

<p>Solubility and permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dissolution testing?

<p>To determine the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specified medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting step for low water soluble (hydrophobic) drugs?

<p>Dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drug absorption is the process of the movement of drug from the site of administration into the extracellular compartment of the body. GI tract is an important factor in oral ______.

<p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Passive non-ionic diffusion is the most common mechanism of ______.

<p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absorption is influenced by 4 factors 1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. lipid solubility.

<p>molecular size, shape, degree of ionization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disintegration is required for oral solid dosage forms (SDFs) to allow drug ______.

<p>release</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permeability is an ______ measurement of absorption.

<p>indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disintegration guidelines apply to most SDFs with the exception of ______, chewable tablets, and modified release DFs.

<p>troches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rate-Limiting Steps in Drug Absorption - Slowest step = the ______ step

<p>rate-limiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dissolution is the process where the drug ______ in a solvent.

<p>dissolves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Generally, tablet ______ is the fastest step.

<p>disintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

For pharmaceutical development, ______ is determined by dissolving a known quantity of a drug in 250mL buffer (pH 1.0-8.0).

<p>solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dissolution is often the ______ step for low water soluble (hydrophobic) drugs.

<p>rate limiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rate of dissolution is often directly related to the rate of ______.

<p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permeability is often the ______ step for high water soluble (hydrophilic) drugs.

<p>rate limiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

The factors affecting oral drug absorption include ______, disintegration, dissolution and solubility.

<p>molecular size, shape, degree of ionization, lipid solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solutions are already ______ so dissolution is not a rate limiting step

<p>dissolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

The factors affecting oral drug absorption also include disintegration, ______ and solubility.

<p>dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drug particles are ______ in a vehicle

<p>suspended</p> Signup and view all the answers

The official guidelines for disintegration of most SDFs according to USP can be found in ______.

<p>USP, chapter 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Efficient dosage form distinguished by a shell that holds the drug formulation. Shell must release the drug particles before absorption can take place. Can be formulated as controlled-release to alter absorption kinetics. Must first break into granules/large pieces and then into drug particles. Can be formulated as ______ to alter absorption kinetics.

<p>controlled-release</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Disintegration Apparatus 5 is used to test the ______ of oral solid dosage forms.

<p>disintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

For oral products, bioavailability depends on the drugs ______ and absorption

<p>dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can be altered by the drugs stability in gastric fluids, formulation components, and first-pass effect (hepatic metabolism).

<p>bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Used to describe the bioavailability of same drug in two different formulations. Important for comparing generic products with the name-brand product. Testing typically involves in vivo human PK studies to evaluate the rate and extent of ______.

<p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) – ______ – Permeability

<p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

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