Factors influencing breast cancer risk

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What is the primary indication for ductography?

Resolving equivocal mammographic findings

Defining cystic masses

Nipple discharge, particularly with blood (correct)

Yearly mammogram

Which method is second only to mammography in frequency of use for breast imaging?

Ultrasound (correct)

Radiography

MRI

PET scan

How often should breast examinations be performed starting at age 40 according to the text?

Twice a year

Every 6 months

Every 2 years

Yearly (correct)

What do intraductal papillomas appear as in ductography?

Small filling defects surrounded by contrast media Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer shows as irregular masses or multiple intraluminal filling defects in ductography?

Invasive ductal carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of mammography screening mentioned in the text?

50% reduction in stage II, III, and IV cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20 to 59 years?

Breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site-specific cancer in women?

Breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the risk of breast cancer by increasing serum estrogen levels?

Alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What was the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women until it was surpassed by lung cancer in 1987?

Breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer by increasing serum estrogen levels?

Long-term consumption of high-fat foods Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a very high incidence of breast cancer due to somatic mutations induced by radiation exposure?

Survivors of atomic bomb blasts in Japan Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of diagnosing breast cancer by MRI when both mammography and physical examination yield negative findings?

Extremely low Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is MRI screening of the breasts gaining interest?

For high-risk women and those with newly diagnosed breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women with a known breast cancer have been shown to develop contralateral breast cancer through MRI studies?

5.7% Signup and view all the answers

Which method combination achieves almost 100% accuracy in diagnosing breast cancer?

Diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, and stereotactic localization with FNA biopsy Signup and view all the answers

When are ultrasound localization techniques used in image-guided breast biopsies?

When a mass is present Signup and view all the answers

Why is mammographic evaluation limited for women with a strong family history of breast cancer or known genetic mutations?

Because of the increased breast density in younger women Signup and view all the answers

What are the four levels of afferent lymphatic channels in the breast?

Dermal, subdermal, interlobular, prepectoral Signup and view all the answers

Where do lymphatic dyes injected in the breast travel to?

Same axillary nodes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to breast cancers at approximately the twentieth cell doubling?

They develop neovascularization Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells travel to seed distant metastases?

Via lymphatic vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in breast cancer patients for the first 10 years after treatment?

Distant metastases Signup and view all the answers

Why are conclusive results from breast cancer trials not derived until 5 to 10 years have passed?

To allow for distant metastases to occur Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in determining whether breast-conserving therapy is feasible?

The relationship between tumor size and breast size Signup and view all the answers

Why might preoperative chemotherapy be considered for patients with large tumors?

To decrease the tumor size before surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when dealing with patients with multicentric tumors?

Opting for mastectomy due to the complexity of the situation Signup and view all the answers

Why is pregnancy an absolute contraindication to radiation therapy?

To avoid fetal exposure to radiation Signup and view all the answers

In what situation may local tissue rearrangement or pedicled myocutaneous flaps be considered?

To address defects from breast-conserving surgery Signup and view all the answers

How does chemotherapy administered before surgery affect breast-conserving surgery candidates?

It reduces tumor size to permit surgery Signup and view all the answers

Factors influencing breast cancer risk

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary indication for ductography?

Which method is second only to mammography in frequency of use for breast imaging?

How often should breast examinations be performed starting at age 40 according to the text?

What do intraductal papillomas appear as in ductography?

What type of cancer shows as irregular masses or multiple intraluminal filling defects in ductography?

What is the benefit of mammography screening mentioned in the text?

What is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20 to 59 years?

What is the most common site-specific cancer in women?

Which factor increases the risk of breast cancer by increasing serum estrogen levels?

What was the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women until it was surpassed by lung cancer in 1987?

What can contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer by increasing serum estrogen levels?

Which group has a very high incidence of breast cancer due to somatic mutations induced by radiation exposure?

What is the probability of diagnosing breast cancer by MRI when both mammography and physical examination yield negative findings?

In what situation is MRI screening of the breasts gaining interest?

What percentage of women with a known breast cancer have been shown to develop contralateral breast cancer through MRI studies?

Which method combination achieves almost 100% accuracy in diagnosing breast cancer?

When are ultrasound localization techniques used in image-guided breast biopsies?

Why is mammographic evaluation limited for women with a strong family history of breast cancer or known genetic mutations?

What are the four levels of afferent lymphatic channels in the breast?

Where do lymphatic dyes injected in the breast travel to?

What happens to breast cancers at approximately the twentieth cell doubling?

How do cancer cells travel to seed distant metastases?

What is the most common cause of death in breast cancer patients for the first 10 years after treatment?

Why are conclusive results from breast cancer trials not derived until 5 to 10 years have passed?

What is a significant factor in determining whether breast-conserving therapy is feasible?

Why might preoperative chemotherapy be considered for patients with large tumors?

What is a consideration when dealing with patients with multicentric tumors?

Why is pregnancy an absolute contraindication to radiation therapy?

In what situation may local tissue rearrangement or pedicled myocutaneous flaps be considered?

How does chemotherapy administered before surgery affect breast-conserving surgery candidates?

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