Factors influencing breast cancer risk
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary indication for ductography?

  • Resolving equivocal mammographic findings
  • Defining cystic masses
  • Nipple discharge, particularly with blood (correct)
  • Yearly mammogram
  • Which method is second only to mammography in frequency of use for breast imaging?

  • Ultrasound (correct)
  • Radiography
  • MRI
  • PET scan
  • How often should breast examinations be performed starting at age 40 according to the text?

  • Twice a year
  • Every 6 months
  • Every 2 years
  • Yearly (correct)
  • What do intraductal papillomas appear as in ductography?

    <p>Small filling defects surrounded by contrast media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer shows as irregular masses or multiple intraluminal filling defects in ductography?

    <p>Invasive ductal carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of mammography screening mentioned in the text?

    <p>50% reduction in stage II, III, and IV cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20 to 59 years?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site-specific cancer in women?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the risk of breast cancer by increasing serum estrogen levels?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women until it was surpassed by lung cancer in 1987?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer by increasing serum estrogen levels?

    <p>Long-term consumption of high-fat foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has a very high incidence of breast cancer due to somatic mutations induced by radiation exposure?

    <p>Survivors of atomic bomb blasts in Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of diagnosing breast cancer by MRI when both mammography and physical examination yield negative findings?

    <p>Extremely low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is MRI screening of the breasts gaining interest?

    <p>For high-risk women and those with newly diagnosed breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women with a known breast cancer have been shown to develop contralateral breast cancer through MRI studies?

    <p>5.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method combination achieves almost 100% accuracy in diagnosing breast cancer?

    <p>Diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, and stereotactic localization with FNA biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are ultrasound localization techniques used in image-guided breast biopsies?

    <p>When a mass is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mammographic evaluation limited for women with a strong family history of breast cancer or known genetic mutations?

    <p>Because of the increased breast density in younger women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four levels of afferent lymphatic channels in the breast?

    <p>Dermal, subdermal, interlobular, prepectoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lymphatic dyes injected in the breast travel to?

    <p>Same axillary nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to breast cancers at approximately the twentieth cell doubling?

    <p>They develop neovascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cancer cells travel to seed distant metastases?

    <p>Via lymphatic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of death in breast cancer patients for the first 10 years after treatment?

    <p>Distant metastases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are conclusive results from breast cancer trials not derived until 5 to 10 years have passed?

    <p>To allow for distant metastases to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in determining whether breast-conserving therapy is feasible?

    <p>The relationship between tumor size and breast size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might preoperative chemotherapy be considered for patients with large tumors?

    <p>To decrease the tumor size before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration when dealing with patients with multicentric tumors?

    <p>Opting for mastectomy due to the complexity of the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is pregnancy an absolute contraindication to radiation therapy?

    <p>To avoid fetal exposure to radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation may local tissue rearrangement or pedicled myocutaneous flaps be considered?

    <p>To address defects from breast-conserving surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chemotherapy administered before surgery affect breast-conserving surgery candidates?

    <p>It reduces tumor size to permit surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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