Questions and Answers
What is the ultimate driver of the water cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a factor altering the water cycle?
How much of the Philippine population has access to potable water?
What process involves the absorption and downward movement of water into the soil layer?
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Which location in the Philippines receives the highest average annual rainfall?
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Which hydrological process occurs when water vapor changes into liquid as it cools?
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What percentage of the land area in the Philippines is considered a watershed area?
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Which process describes the natural discharge of water from clouds?
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What is one of the primary uses of water in agriculture?
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What unique physical property does water possess when it freezes?
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Which sector utilizes water for the propagation of cultured fish as a commercial enterprise?
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What is the composition of pure water?
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What is a key characteristic of pure water?
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Which of the following is essential for understanding the movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface?
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In what sector is water used for large herds or flocks of animals?
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What can alter the natural hydrologic cycle significantly?
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What type of water is characterized by a high content of calcium and magnesium?
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Which type of water is specifically defined as being drained from toilets and urinals?
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Which type of water is a result of surface runoff and is subject to atmospheric forces?
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What is the main characteristic of polluted water?
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What defines leachate in environmental science?
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Study Notes
Water Cycle and Its Drivers
- The sun is the primary force driving the water cycle, initiating evaporation and influencing weather patterns.
- Human activities significantly alter the water cycle through agriculture, industry, deforestation, dam construction, urbanization, and climate change.
Philippine Water Basics
- The Philippines features 221 lakes and 421 river basins, with an average annual rainfall of 2,400 mm.
- Water availability is at 90%, covering 70% of the land area as watershed.
- Access to potable water stands at 96% for the population, while 91% have access to basic water services.
Hydrological Processes
- Evaporation: Water transforms from liquid to gas under low humidity conditions.
- Condensation: Water vapor transitions back to liquid as it cools.
- Precipitation: Water is released from clouds as rain, snow, etc.
- Infiltration: Water is absorbed and moves downward into soil layers.
Average Annual Rainfall in Regions
- Manila: 2,080 mm
- Aklan: 2,903.22 mm
- Antique: 3,643.63 mm
Importance of Water
- Supports irrigation for agriculture and is essential for food production.
- Integral for power generation, facilitating mechanical and electrical generation.
- Vital for fisheries and livestock raising, supporting commercial enterprises.
- Used in industries for manufacturing and processes, and also crucial for recreational activities like swimming and golfing.
- Necessary for health and sanitation in hospitals and wellness facilities.
Composition and Types of Water
- Pure water is H₂O, consisting of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom; it is tasteless, odorless, and clear.
- Freshwater has less than 500 ppm of dissolved salts (like sodium chloride) and includes groundwater, rivers, ponds, and lakes.
- Surface water is open to the atmosphere and affected by surface runoff.
- Wastewater contains pollutants, making it unsuitable for use.
- Groundwater resides beneath the water table in various soil and rock formations.
- Leachate is contaminated water that seeps from disposal sites like landfills.
- Hard water contains higher minerals like calcium and magnesium.
- Polluted water has impurities, impacting its usability.
Water Classification
- Rain or Atmospheric Water: The most prevalent precipitation form.
- Surface Water: A blend of surface runoff and groundwater.
- Groundwater: Rainwater that has penetrated the ground.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the various man-made activities that affect the water cycle, including agricultural practices and industrial influences. Understand the impact of deforestation and other environmental changes. This quiz provides insights into how human actions can influence natural processes.
