Factors Affecting Labor & Delivery

The presenting part of the fetus settling into the pelvis, reaching the level of the ischial spines.

The presenting part of the fetus is not yet engaged in the pelvis.

Combination of fetal lie and the degree of fetal flexion.

Most common fetal presentation; the fetal head presents first.

Absence or delay of engagement in first-time mothers.

Describes the relationship of the baby's presenting part to a specific quadrant of the mother's pelvis.

A 3-letter abbreviation indicating fetal position; the middle letter is the landmark, the first letter shows the side (right or left), and the last letter shows the anterior/posterior/transverse direction.

Left Occiput Anterior—the most common and ideal fetal position during labor.

Right Occiput Anterior—a frequent fetal position during labor.

The mother's pelvis divided into four sections (right anterior, left anterior, right posterior, left posterior) used to describe fetal position.

A type of breech presentation where the baby's bottom comes first, and the legs are flexed at the hip and extended at the knees.

Body parts of the fetus (like the occiput) used to describe its position.

The back of the baby's head, commonly used to describe vertex presentations.

Systolic pressure over 140 mmHg, or a 30 mmHg increase, and diastolic pressure over 90 mmHg, or a 15 mmHg increase.

Decreased blood pressure, often associated with signs of shock, like apprehension, fast pulse, and pale skin. Suggests a hemorrhage.

A pulse rate exceeding 100 bpm. Indicates possible hemorrhage.

Weak, infrequent, short-duration labor contractions.

Labor contractions lasting longer than 70 seconds.

Measurement of blood pressure when the heart is contracting.

Measurement of blood pressure when the heart is relaxing between beats.

Significant blood loss.

Room equipment for mother and newborn, including tables, baby islands, and newborn care items (warmer, suction, resuscitation, eye drops, identification).

Care for a woman during the first stage of labor, prioritizing pain relief, respecting contractions, encouraging position changes, and promoting bladder care.

A priority need during the first stage of labor, addressing pain with various methods.

Varying positions during labor (walking, sitting, kneeling, squatting, lying, litotomy) to manage labor and delivery, promote effective breathing, and reduce perineal trauma.

Promoting bladder function during labor by providing voiding opportunities and appropriate bladder care every 2-4 hours.

Symptoms including lightheadedness, tingling/numbness (toes/fingers) potentially leading to coma.

Exercises to manage breathing patterns and prevent breathing emergencies during labor.

Positions aside from the standard lithotomy (lateral, sim's, dorsal recumbent, semi-sitting, squatting).

Strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions during labor.

Sound emitted by the developing fetus’s heart.

Measuring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions using external or internal sensors.

Methods to reduce pain during childbirth.

Techniques to help manage labor pain and promote well-being via breathing, self-relaxation, visualization and support methods.

Problems that occur later during or after childbirth.

Headache after childbirth due to a complication with the spinal procedure.

Individual who assists the laboring woman in various ways.

Assessing the mother immediately after childbirth to check vital signs, fundal tone, lochia, and perineal condition.

A decrease in fetal heart rate, potentially due to pressure on the head during contractions.

Includes EDB, contractions, show, membrane status, VS, last meal, allergies, and pregnancy history.

Deep dive into the mother's medical history, physical exam (abdominal & head-to-toe), Leopold's maneuvers, membranes, vaginal exams, pelvic assessment, and vital signs.

Includes reducing anxiety via explanations and natural pain relief techniques, assessing pain level, and encouraging coping mechanisms.

Checking the uterus' size, consistency, and position to ensure proper contraction and avoid postpartum hemorrhage.

Assessment of the amount and characteristics of vaginal discharge after delivery.

Ways to provide emotional and physical comfort and assistance during labor, including pain relief, explanations, and coping strategies.