Is Photosynthesis an Enzyme-Controlled Reaction? Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

Split water molecules

Produce oxygen

Produce glucose (correct)

Generate ATP

What is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell?

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Chloroplast (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which factor does NOT determine the rate of photosynthesis?

Water availability (correct)

Carbon dioxide concentration

Temperature

Light intensity

What is the function of grana in chloroplasts?

Contain photosynthetic pigments Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

ATP and NADPH Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis?

Generates ATP from ADP Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the light-independent reaction if CO2 concentration is in short supply?

It slows down Signup and view all the answers

How does low temperature affect Rubisco and other molecules?

They have lower levels of kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of glycolysis?

2 molecules of pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is produced in the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule?

$4CO_2, 4NADH, 2FADH, 2ATP$ molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of photosynthesis that uses ATP and reduced NADP to produce glucose?

Calvin cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of combining RuBP with carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

RuBisCO Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of reduced NADP and ATP in the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?

Convert GP to TP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

Low carbon dioxide concentration Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the levels of GP, TP, and RuBP if light intensity is low?

GP levels fall, TP levels rise, RuBP levels fall Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is NOT produced during the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of ATP production in aerobic respiration?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space during oxidative phosphorylation?

It becomes high Signup and view all the answers

What role does ATP synthase play in oxidative phosphorylation?

It produces ATP using hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

How are hydrogen ions moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

By ATPase enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH) in oxidative phosphorylation?

Carry hydrogen ions and electrons to the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What acts as the final electron acceptor in the process of producing water?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Why is the theoretical yield of 38 ATP molecules per glucose rarely achieved in real life?

The inner mitochondrial membrane is 'leaky' to H+ ions Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule made during glycolysis in the cytoplasm needs to move into the matrix by active transport?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of energy released from respiratory substrates?

The number of hydrogens in the structure oxidized to water Signup and view all the answers

What can be measured using the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) to determine which respiratory substrate is being used?

Ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions does anaerobic respiration occur?

Low oxygen concentration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis

The primary function of photosynthesis is to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
The site of photosynthesis in a plant cell is the chloroplast.

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

CO2 concentration is not the factor that does NOT determine the rate of photosynthesis.

Chloroplast Structure

Grana in chloroplasts are responsible for increasing the surface area for light-dependent reactions.

Light-Dependent Stage

During the light-dependent stage, ATP and NADPH are produced.
Photophosphorylation plays a crucial role in generating ATP from light energy.

Light-Independent Stage

If CO2 concentration is in short supply, the light-independent reaction will slow down.
Low temperature affects Rubisco and other molecules, making them less efficient.

Cellular Compartmentation

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate.
The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
The Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 per glucose molecule.

Calvin Cycle

The final stage of photosynthesis uses ATP and reduced NADP to produce glucose.
The enzyme RuBisCo catalyzes the reaction of combining RuBP with carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
The main function of reduced NADP and ATP in the light-independent reaction is to produce glucose.

Limiting Factors

A limiting factor in photosynthesis is light intensity.

Light-Independent Reaction

If light intensity is low, the levels of GP, TP, and RuBP will decrease.
Glucose is not produced during the light-independent reaction.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The main source of ATP production in aerobic respiration is oxidative phosphorylation.
During oxidative phosphorylation, the concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space increases.
ATP synthase generates ATP from the energy released by the proton gradient.
Hydrogen ions are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation through proton pumps.
Reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH) play a crucial role in generating ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the process of producing water.

Energy Yield

The theoretical yield of 38 ATP molecules per glucose is rarely achieved in real life due to energy losses during oxidative phosphorylation.

Glycolysis

Pyruvate produced during glycolysis in the cytoplasm needs to be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by active transport.

Respiratory Substrates

The amount of energy released from respiratory substrates is determined by their energetic potential.
The Respiratory Quotient (RQ) can be used to determine which respiratory substrate is being used.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

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Description

Explore the impact of CO2 concentration and temperature on the light independent reaction in photosynthesis. Learn about the effects of low temperature on Rubisco and enzyme-controlled reactions. Understand the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Factors Affecting Enzyme-Controlled Reactions in Photosynthesis and Respiration

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