Factorial Designs in Psychology Research
41 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of factorial designs in research?

  • Understanding how multiple independent variables affect a dependent variable (correct)
  • Examining the relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable
  • Analyzing the effects of external environments on psychological outcomes
  • Isolating individual factors that contribute to human behavior

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of factorial design?

  • Pure (between-groups) factorial
  • Within-subjects factorial
  • Cumulative factorial (correct)
  • Mixed-factorial

    • In factorial designs, what is an interaction effect?

  • The combined effect of two or more variables influencing the outcome (correct)
  • The random variation in results due to external factors
  • The ability to predict behavior based on individual variables
  • The independent effect of one variable on the outcome

    • What factor can significantly influence happiness according to researchers?

    <p>A mix of genetics, environment, and internal state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a potential advantage of using factorial designs in research?

    <p>They allow examination of interactions between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when two factors interact in a study?

    <p>The effects of one factor depend on the levels of a second factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following presentations is likely to show an interaction effect for study time?

    <p>Screen presentation at self-regulated time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you infer about the mean exam score in regards to the mode of presentation?

    <p>Mean exam scores differ significantly between modes of presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study where both factors show interaction, what is likely true about the mean scores?

    <p>Mean scores may rise or fall depending on the combination of factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using factorial designs in psychological research?

    <p>They offer higher ecological validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 2 x 2 factorial design, how many different conditions are there?

    <p>4 conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 2 x 3 factorial design?

    <p>Two independent variables, one with two levels and another with three levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors was not mentioned in the example of factors contributing to a poor exam mark?

    <p>Anxiety during the exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the effects of two factors be examined simultaneously?

    <p>Through a factorial design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of factorial designs, which statement is true regarding levels?

    <p>Levels indicate variations within each independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a three-factor design, which combination is evaluated in addition to the main effects?

    <p>Two-way interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the memory experiment described, which factor would be classified as a within-group factor?

    <p>Types of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a four-way interaction in an experiment?

    <p>Evaluating how four different factors interact simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group received no treatment in the described study design?

    <p>Control group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of Factor A in the described design?

    <p>There is a significant main effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about the interaction of factors A and B?

    <p>The interaction is present between illumination and image content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of a pure factorial design as described?

    <p>It may require many participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the study, how does darkness affect children's anxiety levels?

    <p>It increases anxiety levels especially with scary images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a significant AxB interaction suggest in the study's context?

    <p>The effects of one factor depend on the level of the other factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the analysis of M values for Neutral and Scary images?

    <p>Scary images produce significantly higher M values in the dark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a confounding variable in this pure factorial design?

    <p>Individual differences among participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average M value for ‘Light off’ with 'Scary images'?

    <p>$114$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main effect of Factor A in the scenario provided?

    <p>No, there was no main effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main effect of Factor B in the experiment?

    <p>There was a significant main effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion can be drawn regarding the interaction between Factors A and B?

    <p>No interaction effect was observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, what does the phrase 'depends on' indicate?

    <p>The outcome is influenced by both factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the presence of an interaction be considered during analysis?

    <p>Before considering main effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the M values indicate in the interpretation of results?

    <p>Mean recall scores for different conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a main effect reported when there is no interaction present?

    <p>It should be discussed alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an M value of 20 indicate for recall happy under learning happy?

    <p>The average recall score for that condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would indicate a significant main effect of Factor A on recall scores?

    <p>Higher M values for learning happy compared to learning sad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the learning conditions 'learn happy' and 'learn sad'?

    <p>Both conditions produce the same recall scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In analyzing Factor A's impact on recall scores when there's no interaction, what is inferred?

    <p>Factor A has no independent effect on recall scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'd' represent in the results indicated?

    <p>The difference in means between learning conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a main effect is reported for Factor B, what implications does this have?

    <p>Factor B significantly influences the outcome of recall scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which would be the proper approach to report results showing both main effects and interactions?

    <p>Discuss main effects before interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    PSYCH 306: Research Methods in Psychology - Factorial Designs

    • Factorial designs examine the relationships among multiple independent variables (IVs) and one dependent variable (DV) in a single study. This contrasts with simpler studies focusing on one IV at a time.

    • Examples of factorial designs include a 2x2 design, a 2x3 design, and more complex 3x2x2 designs.

    • A factorial design determines:

      • The main effects for each independent variable.
      • Interactions between independent variables.

    Exam Schedule and Course Requirements

    • The final exam is scheduled for December 9th, from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM.

    • The exam will consist of multiple-choice questions. Approximately 60 questions are anticipated.

    • The exam material covers lectures and readings since the last exam.

    • Homework assignment HW3 will be graded over the next two weeks.

    • Extra credit can be earned for participation in SONA.

    • The final grade is based on Exam 1 (37%), Exam 2 (37%), and Homework (26%). Specific point values for each homework assignment are available.

    Types of Factorial Designs

    • Pure factorial designs (between-subjects):All Independent Variables (IVs) are between subjects. Groups of participants are randomly assigned to different treatment conditions.

    • Within-subjects factorial design:A single group of participants experiences all the conditions of the independent variables (IVs) in a certain order.

    • Mixed factorial designs:A factorial design combining both between-subjects (or independent-groups) and within-subjects conditions. This is useful when one independent variable is suited as a between-subjects procedure and the other as a within-subjects procedure.

    Higher-order Factorial Designs

    • Higher-order factorial designs involve three or more factors.

    • Complex interactions between the factors increase in complexity.

    Factorial Designs and Interactions

    • An interaction exists when the effect of one IV depends on the level of a second IV.
    • Non-parallel lines on a graph depicting the results of the study often indicate an interaction.

    Structure of a Two-Factor Experiment

    • A 2x2 factorial design could have a Presentation Type (On Paper/On Screen) and Study Time (Fixed/Self-Regulated) as the two independent variables.

    • The row and column arrangement of an experiment are dictated by these independent variable levels.

    Two-Factor Design

    • A two-factor design can be represented as a matrix, where each cell in the matrix represents a combinations of the factors (IVs).
    • The data provides the researcher with information about the individual and combined effects of the two factors.

    Advantages of Factorial Designs

    • Highly efficient: They investigate the effects of multiple factors simultaneously, and can help replicate and expand existing studies in a single study.
    • Increased external validity: Inclusions of participant characteristics as a variable results in a more varied representation of participants in the study.
    • Enables examining interactions, which are crucial in many settings. This happens when the effect of one variable depends on the level of another variable.

    Disadvantages of Factorial Designs

    • Can be more complex to interpret: Interactions between different independent variables can be hard to assess.
    • Increased chance for confounds: More factors make it harder to control for extraneous/unintentional variables.
    • May increase the number of participants needed.

    Statistical Analysis of Factorial Designs

    • Statistical analysis often involves ANOVA, to analyze and test the significance of the mean differences observed across different treatment conditions.

    • The methodology used will vary based on whether the factors being analyzed are between or within subjects, and could be mixed.

    Types of Interactions

    • Two-way interactions occur between all pairs of factors.
    • Three-way interactions occur between all three factors.
    • Similar patterns exist for more factors.

    Interpreting Results

    • Look for main effects (the individual effects of each IV) first.
    • Assess the differences in row and column means.
    • Interactions: Examine how differences in row or column means change, across the groups of the different IV pairs or more.
    • If an interaction exists, the effect of one IV "depends" on the level of other IVs.
    • If no interaction, interpret main effects separately.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    PSYCH 306 Research Methods in Psychology Chapter 11: Factorial Designs PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts of factorial designs in psychological research. It covers topics such as interaction effects, types of designs, and advantages of using these methods in studies. Test your knowledge on how factorial designs can influence research outcomes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser