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Questions and Answers
What defines osmotic pressure?
What defines osmotic pressure?
- The movement of substances across a membrane against gradient
- The physiological processes that regulate fluid intake & output
- The number of particles per unit volume of fluids (correct)
- The flow of water through a semi-permeable membrane
Which transport process involves the movement of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Which transport process involves the movement of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
- Active transport
- Hydrostatic pressure
- Osmotic pressure
- Facilitated diffusion (correct)
What is the primary characteristic of active transport?
What is the primary characteristic of active transport?
- Requires no energy
- Involves only nonspecific carrier proteins
- Movement from low concentration to high concentration (correct)
- Movement from high concentration to low concentration
What is the process that involves the diffusion of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration?
What is the process that involves the diffusion of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration?
Which electrolyte is the chief extracellular cation?
Which electrolyte is the chief extracellular cation?
What is the most prevalent anion in extracellular fluid?
What is the most prevalent anion in extracellular fluid?
Which ion constitutes half of the osmolarity of extracellular fluid?
Which ion constitutes half of the osmolarity of extracellular fluid?
What is the second most prevalent extracellular anion?
What is the second most prevalent extracellular anion?
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
Which of the following describes passive transport across a membrane?
Which of the following describes passive transport across a membrane?
What is considered part of membrane transport processes?
What is considered part of membrane transport processes?
Which fluid increases in volume with gestational age?
Which fluid increases in volume with gestational age?
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Study Notes
Osmotic Pressure
- Osmotic pressure is the pressure needed to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Passive Transport
- Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell.
- Diffusion of a substance across a membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration is an example of passive transport.
Active Transport
- The defining feature of active transport is that it requires energy to move molecules across a cell membrane.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent, such as water, across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.
Electrolyte Concentrations
- Sodium (Na+) is the primary extracellular cation.
- Chloride (Cl-) is the most prevalent anion in extracellular fluid.
- Sodium constitutes around half of the osmolarity of extracellular fluid.
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is the second most prevalent extracellular anion.
Amniotic Fluid
- Amniotic fluid helps protect and cushion a developing fetus.
Membrane Transport Processes
- Passive transport across a membrane is typically driven by a concentration gradient.
- Both passive and active transport processes are considered part of membrane transport processes.
Gestational Age
- Amniotic fluid increases in volume with gestational age.
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