Active Transport and Facilitated Diffusion of Ions

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of microvilli?

  • Motion detection
  • Aiding in digestion (correct)
  • Sensing light
  • Connecting adjacent cells

Where are microvilli commonly found?

  • Small intestines (correct)
  • Male reproductive system
  • Endothelial cells
  • Cardiac muscle

Which structure is responsible for forming a strong cohesive epithelium by linking to cytoskeletons of adjacent cells?

  • Hemidesmosomes
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microvilli
  • Zonula adherens (correct)

What is a characteristic feature that distinguishes stereocilia from microvilli?

<p>Longer and less motile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are hemidesmosomes located?

<p>Lateral plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of microvilli?

<p>0.2μm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through which structure does water move from the intestine into the blood?

<p>Zonula occludens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

<p>Preventing exchange between apical and basolateral plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is the most integral inside a tight junction?

<p>Claudins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are cilia most abundant in terms of cell type?

<p>Cuboidal or columnar cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of desmosomes in epithelial cells?

<p>Linking cells to underlying basement membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction type is responsible for controlling paracellular diffusion?

<p>Tight junction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process do molecules or ions move down their concentration gradient due to their kinetic energy until reaching equilibrium?

<p>Vesicular active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transport systems involves molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration?

<p>Antiport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules can diffuse through the lipid bilayer?

<p>Neutral polar molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves substances moving across the membrane against their concentration gradient by utilizing energy from ATP hydrolysis?

<p>Sodium-potassium ATPase pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of symport and antiport mechanisms?

<p>Movement of molecules in the same direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump can be observed in the thick ascending limb of the kidney and helps in moving sodium, potassium, and chloride ions?

<p>Sodium-potassium-chloride pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of apocrine secretion?

<p>Lipid droplets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland secretes substances via exocytosis from membrane-bound vesicles or secretory granules?

<p>Merocrine gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glands undergo terminal differentiation and secrete substances via complete cell destructions?

<p>Sebaceous glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland type has secretory units with small ducts that converge at a larger duct?

<p>Compound acinar gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example fits the description of a mixed seromucous gland?

<p>Submandibular gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common method of protein or glycoprotein secretion in most exocrine glands?

<p>Secretion via exocytosis from secretory granules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can stratified cuboidal epithelium be found?

<p>Excretory duct of salivary glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of transitional epithelium?

<p>Protection and secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histologic type of epithelium is relatively rare?

<p>Stratified cuboidal epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of stratified columnar epithelium?

<p>Protection and secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What special feature does transitional epithelium have to make it waterproof?

<p>Umbrella cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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