30 Questions
What is the preferred diagnostic approach for most neck masses?
Fine Needle Aspiration
What is the nature of aspirate that may suggest a possible etiology of papillary thyroid cancer?
Serous dark brown fluid
What type of fluid aspirate might indicate the presence of an abscess?
Purulent
What viruses can FNA be submitted for PCR testing to detect?
EBV (suggest nasopharyngeal Ca) or HPV (reported in oropharyngeal squamous cell Ca)
What is the overall accuracy of FNA in diagnosing all neck masses?
93%
In patients over 40 years, what may lateral neck cysts represent?
Cervical metastasis from HPV-associated OPSCC
What are the signs and symptoms associated with submandibular gland excision?
Dysphagia or the sensation of a lump in the throat, dysphonia or bleeding
What is the recommended treatment for hypothyroid patients?
Hormone replacement therapy (Levothyroxine)
Where is Torus mandibularis found?
In the lingual surface of the anterior mandible, primarily in the premolar region.
What are some symptoms that may prompt the need for surgery in euthyroid patients?
Symptomatic patients with the need for postoperative exogenous thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
What are the facial characteristics associated with synkinesis Grade V?
Incomplete eye closure, no forehead movement, asymmetrical mouth movement
What grade of synkinesis is characterized by no facial motion?
Grade VI
What are the indications for a PET-CT scan?
Malignant tumors, identification of primary disease, detection of distant metastasis, surveillance
What is the advantage of a PET-CT scan in terms of radiation dose?
Does not impart a significantly high radiation dose
What is a core biopsy used for?
Tissue acquisition when FNA does not establish the diagnosis
What is the gauge of the cutting needle used in a core biopsy?
14 to 20 gauge
When is an open biopsy more acceptable in the context of lymphoma diagnosis?
When FNA or core biopsy is positive but additional tissue is needed for subtyping
What can a large mass in the neck be a symptom of?
Oropharyngeal cancer
What is the most probable cause of the right lateral neck bulge in an 18-year-old male with a right lateral neck mass after a recent upper respiratory tract infection?
d.Anomalous development of branchial apparatus
Which type of branchial cleft anomaly is the most common, located deep to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with a possible connection draining to the tonsillar fossa?
c.Second
Which mass is typically found in the lateral neck region?
a.Branchial cleft cyst
What did the physical examination reveal in the case of the 18-year-old male with a right lateral neck bulge?
A firm, non-tender right lateral neck mass measuring 4x4 cm anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Which anatomical structure may be the cause if there is a failure of closure of the tract on descent of the thyroid?
d.Anomalous development of branchial apparatus
What is the likely diagnosis if a patient presents with a lateral neck mass without any other accompanying symptoms?
a.Branchial cleft cyst
What are the characteristic findings of a dermoid cyst on T1 and T2 MRI sequences?
On T1: fatty elements appear bright, fluid dark. On T2: fat is dark and fluid is bright
What is the recommended treatment for a dermoid cyst?
Complete excision to include all epithelial components
Where can duplication cysts lined with stratified squamous and columnar epithelium be found in the body?
Anywhere along the digestive tract, including the tongue and floor of the mouth
What is the characteristic presentation of a nasoalveolar cyst?
Manifestations usually occur in adulthood as the cyst increases in size
What are the motor innervations associated with a duplication cyst involving the tongue?
Motor innervation to depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, and the orbicularis oris
What are the clinical findings associated with a duplication cyst in the oral cavity?
Appears at birth as an asymptomatic swelling involving the tongue and floor of the mouth
Test your knowledge on the facial nerve grading system which classifies facial paralysis based on the level of muscle movement impairment. This quiz covers signs, symptoms, and grades of facial nerve paralysis.
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