Facial Nerve Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the frontalis muscle responsible for elevating the eyebrows?

  • Cervical branch
  • Temporal branch (correct)
  • Buccal branch
  • Mandibular branch

    • What could be a significant consequence of paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

  • Loss of forehead wrinkling
  • Difficulty in chewing
  • Incomplete eye closure (correct)
  • Inability to smile

    • Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the upper lip during facial expressions?

  • Zygomaticus major
  • Buccinator
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Levator labii superioris (correct)

    • The zygomaticus major muscle is responsible for which facial action?

    <p>Raising the corners of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facial muscle plays a crucial role in compressing the cheeks against the teeth?

    <p>Buccinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the depressor labii inferioris muscle in facial expression?

    <p>Pouting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve primarily innervates which muscle?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is primarily facilitated by the orbicularis oris muscle?

    <p>Closing the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the platysma muscle?

    <p>Depresses the mandible and contributes to facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle for its motor function?

    <p>Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Digastric fossa of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sternohyoid muscle?

    <p>Depresses the hyoid bone after swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the sternothyroid muscle insert?

    <p>Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)?

    <p>Posterior belly of the digastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>Assist in neck extension and elevate the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the infrahyoid muscles?

    <p>Sternothyroid depresses the hyoid and its innervation comes from ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle during bilateral contraction?

    <p>Flexes the neck and extends the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the auricularis muscles?

    <p>They pull the ears in different directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve innervates the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

    <p>Ventral rami of cervical nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with injury to the facial nerve (CN VII)?

    <p>Bell's palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of their function, how do the scalene muscles primarily assist during forced inspiration?

    <p>By elevating the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction does the anterior scalene muscle pull during contraction?

    <p>Laterally and upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the posterior scalene muscle?

    <p>Transverse processes of C4-C6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT associated with the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>Flex the elbow joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mylohyoid muscle?

    <p>Elevates the floor of the mouth during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

    <p>Omohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the insertion point for the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle?

    <p>Body of the hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innervates the levator scapulae muscle?

    <p>Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and cervical nerves (C3-C4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles share the same innervation?

    <p>Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the levator scapulae muscle originate?

    <p>Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the splenius cervicis muscle?

    <p>Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the longus colli muscle insert at?

    <p>Transverse processes of C5-C6 and anterior arch of the atlas (C1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the external intercostal muscles?

    <p>Elevates the ribs during inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the internal intercostal muscles?

    <p>Intercostal nerves (T1-T11).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the internal intercostal muscles is responsible for elevating the ribs during inspiration?

    <p>Interchondral part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the subcostal muscles originate?

    <p>Internal surface of the lower ribs near their angles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the transversus thoracis muscle?

    <p>Weakly compresses the thoracic cavity during forced expiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the diaphragm is associated with the lumbar vertebrae?

    <p>Lumbar part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the diaphragm contracts?

    <p>Thoracic cavity volume increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intercostal muscles assist in forced expiration?

    <p>Innermost intercostals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Facial Nerve and Muscles

    • Facial nerve (CN VII) divides into five major branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical.
    • Each branch has specific muscle functions, crucial for localizing facial nerve injuries.
    • Frontalis muscle (part of occipitofrontalis) elevates eyebrows and creates forehead wrinkles; innervated by temporal branch.
    • Orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eyelids; its paralysis can lead to corneal dryness (e.g., Bell’s palsy); innervated by zygomatic and temporal branches.
    • Levator labii superioris muscle elevates the upper lip, exposing teeth when smiling; innervated by zygomatic and buccal branches.
    • Zygomaticus major muscle raises the mouth corners to create a smile; innervated by zygomatic and buccal branches.
    • Buccinator muscle compresses cheeks against teeth, aiding in chewing and blowing; innervated by the buccal branch.
    • Depressor labii inferioris muscle lowers the bottom lip for expressions of sadness or pouting.
    • Auricularis muscles (anterior, superior, posterior) pull ears backward; mostly vestigial due to limited movement in humans; innervated by temporal branch.
    • Facial nerve injury results in facial expression paralysis on the affected side, leading to asymmetry and conditions like Bell's palsy.

    Neck Muscles

    • Sternocleidomastoid Muscle:

      • Origin: Manubrium and medial third of the clavicle.
      • Insertion: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line.
      • Functions: Rotates head, flexes neck, extends head; innervated by spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C2-C3 branches.

    • Scalene Muscles:

      • Anterior: Elevates the first rib; innervated by ventral rami of C4-C6.
      • Middle: Assists in elevating first rib; innervated by ventral rami of C3-C8.
      • Posterior: Elevates the second rib; innervated by ventral rami of C6-C8.

    • Platysma Muscle:

      • Origin: Fascia of upper thorax and lower neck.
      • Insertion: Lower mandible border and skin of lower face.
      • Function: Tenses neck skin, depresses mandible; innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII).

    • Trapezius Muscle:

      • Origin: External occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12.
      • Insertion: Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, scapula spine.
      • Functions: Elevates/upwardly rotates scapula, extends neck; innervated by spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3-C4.

    • Digastric Muscle:

      • Anterior belly: Origin at digastric fossa, innervated by mylohyoid nerve (CN V3).
      • Posterior belly: Origin at mastoid notch, innervated by facial nerve (CN VII).
      • Function: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid during swallowing.

    • Infrahyoid Muscles:

      • Sternohyoid: Depresses hyoid; innervated by ansa cervicalis (C1-C3).
      • Sternothyroid: Depresses thyroid cartilage; innervated by ansa cervicalis (C1-C3).
      • Thyrohyoid: Depresses hyoid or elevates thyroid cartilage; innervated by C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
      • Omohyoid: Depresses and stabilizes hyoid; innervated by ansa cervicalis (C1-C3).

    • Mylohyoid Muscle:

      • Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible, insertion at hyoid body and midline raphe.
      • Function: Elevates mouth floor, hyoid during swallowing; innervated by mylohyoid nerve (CN V3).

    • Levator Scapulae Muscle:

      • Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4; insertion at scapula's medial border.
      • Function: Elevates scapula, assists neck lateral flexion; innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and cervical nerves (C3-C4).

    • Longus Colli Muscle:

      • Origin: Anterior surfaces of T1-T3, transverse processes of C3-C5; insertion varies by part.
      • Function: Flexes neck, aids in rotation; innervated by ventral rami of C2-C6.

    • Splenius Muscles:

      • Capitis: Extends, rotates, laterally flexes head; innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves.
      • Cervicis: Similar functions for the neck.

    Thoracic Wall Muscles

    • External Intercostals:

      • Origin: Inferior border of upper rib; insertion: superior border of lower rib.
      • Function: Elevates ribs during inspiration; innervated by intercostal nerves (T1-T11).

    • Internal Intercostals:

      • Origin: Same as external; have interosseous (depress ribs) and interchondral (elevate ribs) parts.
      • Innervated by intercostal nerves (T1-T11).

    • Innermost Intercostals:

      • Origin and insertion same as internal; assists in forced expiration; innervated by intercostal nerves (T1-T11).

    • Transversus Thoracis:

      • Origin: Lower sternum and xiphoid; insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 2-6.
      • Function: Weakly depresses ribs; innervated by intercostal nerves (T2-T6).

    • Subcostal Muscles:

      • Origin: Internal surface of lower ribs; insertion: superior borders of inferior ribs.
      • Function: Depresses ribs, assisting expiration; innervated by intercostal nerves (T1-T11).

    • Diaphragm:

      • Origin: Xiphoid process, lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae; insertion at central tendon.
      • Primary muscle of inspiration: contracts to enlarge thoracic cavity, decreasing intra-thoracic pressure.

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    Facial Muscles Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the functions and divisions of the facial nerve after it leaves the stylomastoid foramen. This quiz will help you understand the implications of injuries to its branches, aiding in the localization of facial nerve damage. Gain a deeper understanding of facial muscle functions and their neurological control.

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