Fabric Analysis and Specifications
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Questions and Answers

What should be done when taking thread density measurements if the fabric sample has selvedges?

  • Avoid taking measurements within 3 to 4 inches of the selvedge (correct)
  • Take measurements only from the selvedge
  • Take measurements within 1 inch of the selvedge
  • Disregard the presence of selvedges

    • What should be done if the thread density in either the warp or weft direction is less than 20 threads per inch?

  • Assume a thread density of 20 threads per inch
  • Recalculate the thread density using a different method
  • Discard the sample and find a new one
  • Count the threads in a larger area and find the mean threads per inch (correct)

    • How should threads be frayed off from the fabric sample?

  • By using a seam ripper
  • By pulling with hands
  • By using common pins to displace and then fray the threads (correct)
  • By cutting with scissors

    • What should be done when finding the crimp of the yarn?

    <p>Stretch the threads only enough to remove visible crimp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach to avoid excessive stretching of the fabric during fabric analysis?

    <p>Using common pins to displace threads before fraying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the warp be represented on the design paper when it is over the weft?

    <p>Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the thread density in either the warp or weft direction is less than 20 threads per inch, what should be done?

    <p>Count thread density in 2 or 3 inches and find the mean threads per inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if fabric sample has selvedges present?

    <p>Avoid taking any measurements near the selvedge area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for finding the crimp of the yarn when analyzing fabric?

    <p>Avoiding any stretching of threads beyond crimp removal point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the nature of a fabric be determined during fabric analysis?

    <p>By observing and feeling the fabric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key parameter used to specify the width of a fabric?

    <p>Weft count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is NOT typically used to determine the nature of a fabric during fabric analysis?

    <p>Chemical treatment tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to determine the state of a fabric during fabric analysis?

    <p>By observing and feeling the fabric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fabric analysis, what parameter helps in specifying the weight of the fabric per unit area?

    <p>Ends per inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the width of a fabric be determined in fabric analysis?

    <p>By measuring it with a measuring tape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the luster of a fabric is the same on both sides, how is the face determined?

    <p>The side from which the design is more clearly visible is taken as the face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a fabric sample does not have selvedges, what should be considered next to identify the warp and weft threads?

    <p>The size or roughness of the threads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If both warp and weft threads have the same crimp, what should be considered to identify them?

    <p>The thread density in each direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the thread density is the same in both directions, what should be considered to identify the weft threads?

    <p>The coarseness of the threads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in identifying the warp and weft threads if selvedges are present in the fabric sample?

    <p>Identify the threads parallel to the selvedges as warp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a fabric has the same luster and clarity of design on both sides, how should the face be determined?

    <p>Either side can be taken as the face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered when the count of both warp and weft threads is the same?

    <p>Twist direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common twist direction for warp threads?

    <p>'Z' twisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fabric analysis, how are weft threads typically used?

    <p>As singles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After identifying the warp and weft threads, how should the fabric sample be placed on the table?

    <p>With warp threads parallel to the x-axis and weft threads parallel to the y-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the count of threads in a fabric sample be determined?

    <p>Fraying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if both warp and weft threads are singles?

    <p>Take either direction as warp or weft based on weave design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the thread count (Nc) if the length is measured in yards and the weight is measured in pounds?

    <p>$Nc = \frac{Total Length of Threads}{Total weight of Threads} \times 840$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the crimp of the yarn calculated?

    <p>$Crimp = \frac{LO - LF}{LF} \times 100$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common way to express the weight of the fabric per unit area?

    <p>Ounces per square yard or grams per square metre (GSM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the thread count (Nc) if the length is measured in yards and the weight is measured in grains?

    <p>$Nc = \frac{Total Length of Threads}{Total weight of Threads} \times 8.33$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the length of the yarn in the fabric sample (LF) determined when calculating the crimp?

    <p>By measuring the length of the yarn in the fabric sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the fabric sample has selvedges present?

    <p>Avoid taking thread density measurements near the selvedges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the fabric sample before conducting fabric analysis?

    <p>Condition the fabric for 2 to 4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the warp be represented on the design paper when it is under the weft?

    <p>By an empty box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the approach for taking thread density measurements if the fabric sample has a sufficient size?

    <p>Take about 5 readings at different positions and consider the mean value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the thread density in either the warp or weft direction is less than 20 threads per inch?

    <p>Count the thread density in 2 or 3 inches and find the mean threads per inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for fraying the threads off the fabric sample?

    <p>Use common pins to first displace the threads and then fray them off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the approach for finding the crimp of the yarn during fabric analysis?

    <p>Stretch the threads by an amount sufficient to remove visible crimp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Purpose of Fabric Analysis

    • Fabric analysis identifies crucial specifications of woven fabric.
    • Key specifications determined include: nature, state, width, ends per inch, picks per inch, warp and weft counts, warp and weft crimp, weight per unit area, and weave design.

    Woven Fabric Specifications

    • Common measuring terms:
      • Ends per inch
      • Picks per inch
      • Width of fabric (e.g., 72 x 96 x 60″)
      • Warp and weft counts (e.g., 40 x 40, 110 x 80)

    Fabric Analysis Procedures

    • Nature of Fabric: Assessed through microscopic examination, solubility tests, and burning tests.
    • State of Fabric: Evaluated by sensory observation (touch and sight) and chemical tests for special finishes.
    • Width Measurement: Directly measured with a tape when fabric is on a complete roll.

    Determining Fabric Face

    • Fabric face identification:
      • Lustrous side signifies the face.
      • If luster is similar, the side with a more visible design is chosen as face.
      • If both are equal, either side can be considered.

    Identifying Warp and Weft Threads

    • Threads are classified based on relationship to selvedges:
      • Threads parallel to selvedges: Warp
      • Threads perpendicular to selvedges: Weft
    • In absence of selvedge, thread size or crimp is assessed for identification.
    • In loom state, warp threads feel rough; weft threads typically exhibit greater crimp.

    Thread Count Calculation

    • Warp and weft counts derived using specific formulas:
      • Count (Nc) = Total Length of Threads / Total Weight of Threads × 840 (for length in yards and weight in pounds).
      • Alternate formula: Nc = Total Length of Threads / Total Weight of Threads × 8.33 (length in yards, weight in grains).

    Calculating Warp and Weft Crimp

    • Crimp is a measure of thread deformation:
      • Measure length in fabric (LF) and frayed length (LO).
      • Crimp percentage calculated using:
        • % Crimp = (LO - LF) / LF × 100.

    Fabric Weight Calculation

    • Weight per unit area expressed in ounces per square yard or grams per square meter (GSM).
    • Calculated by summing weights of warp and weft threads:
      • Weight calculations involve ends per yard, warp count, and weft count, adjusted for crimp.
    • GSM can also be calculated using a sample cut circle and multiplied by 100 after weighing.

    Weave Design and Elements

    • Weave design determined by noting interlacement of threads on design paper, analyzing each end in combination with the weft.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the purpose of fabric analysis, including determining the nature, state, width, ends per inch, picks per inch, weave design, and other key specifications of a woven fabric. Test your knowledge on fabric analysis and specifications!

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