Eyewitness Testimony and Factors Affecting Recall
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Questions and Answers

What is the impact of schemas on eyewitness testimony?

  • They have no impact on eyewitness testimony
  • They improve recall due to distraction
  • They lead to potential inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony (correct)
  • They help in constructing accurate memories

    • How can post-event discussion influence eyewitness testimony?

  • It results in memory conformity where witnesses alter their recall to match others' accounts (correct)
  • It decreases recall due to distraction
  • It improves eyewitness testimony by making witnesses more alert
  • It has no impact on eyewitness testimony

    • According to the Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal, what happens to recall with increasing anxiety?

  • Recall becomes less accurate with increasing anxiety
  • Recall improves with increasing anxiety up to a point (correct)
  • Recall is not affected by anxiety
  • Anxiety has a negative impact on recall

    • What is a criticism of lab-based research in the context of eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It has no consequences or demand characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can misleading information, such as leading questions, have on eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It can alter memories and influence responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bartlett's theory, is memory an accurate snapshot of the past?

    <p>No, memory is reconstructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can anxiety impact eyewitness testimony according to research?

    <p>Anxiety can both decrease and increase recall depending on the level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of post-event discussion between witnesses on eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It can result in memory conformity, altering recall to match others' accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal explain about recall?

    <p>Recall improves with increasing anxiety up to a point, then becomes less accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Johnson and Scott's research show about eyewitness testimony at a violent crime scene?

    <p>Anxiety caused by a violent crime scene resulted in less accurate eyewitness testimony due to weapon focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of lab-based research in the context of eyewitness testimony?

    <p>&quot;Lab-based research lacks real-world consequences and may be influenced by demand characteristics&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are schemas considered to potentially impact eyewitness testimony?

    <p>&quot;Schemas are used to understand the world and construct memories, potentially leading to inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What ethical concerns arise in asking participants to recall details of a murder?"

    <p>&quot;Participants may experience trauma due to recalling details of a murder&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of anxiety on recall, according to the Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal?

    <p>Recall improves with increasing anxiety, making witnesses more alert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can post-event discussion between witnesses influence eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It results in memory conformity, with witnesses altering their recall to match others' accounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Johnson and Scott's research show about the impact of anxiety caused by a violent crime scene on eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It leads to less accurate eyewitness testimony due to weapon focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of lab-based research in the context of eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It lacks consequences and demand characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does misleading information, such as leading questions, influence eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It alters memories or influences responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bartlett's theory, is memory an accurate snapshot of the past?

    <p>No, memory is reconstructive and not an accurate snapshot of the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can schemas have on eyewitness testimony?

    <p>Schemas can influence the construction of memories and potentially lead to inaccuracies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony?

    <p>Anxiety can either decrease or increase recall depending on the level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical concerns arise in asking participants to recall details of a murder?

    <p>Participants may be emotionally affected by recalling details of a murder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Eyewitness testimony is used in courts to provide evidence, but its accuracy is questionable.
    • Memory is reconstructive, not an accurate snapshot of the past, according to Bartlett's theory.
    • Schemas, packages of information, are used to understand the world and construct memories, leading to potential inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony.
    • Misleading information, such as leading questions, can influence eyewitness testimony by altering memories or influencing responses.
    • Post-event discussion between witnesses can result in memory conformity, where witnesses alter their recall to match others' accounts.
    • Anxiety is a factor that can impact eyewitness testimony, with some research suggesting it decreases recall due to distraction, while others argue high anxiety increases recall by making witnesses more alert.
    • The Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal explains that recall improves with increasing anxiety up to a point, but becomes less accurate when the witness becomes too anxious.
    • Johnson and Scott conducted research showing that anxiety caused by a violent crime scene can result in less accurate eyewitness testimony due to weapon focus.
    • Criticisms of lab-based research include the lack of consequences and demand characteristics, while real-world applications of research, such as the cognitive interview, have higher validity.
    • Ethical concerns include the potential trauma of asking participants to recall details of a murder.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of eyewitness testimony and the various factors that can influence its accuracy, such as memory reconstruction, schemas, misleading information, anxiety, and post-event discussions. Explore the impact of anxiety on recall and the criticisms and ethical concerns related to eyewitness testimony research.

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