Questions and Answers
What is the name of the depressed spot marked by the red circle?
Macula lutea (fovea centralis)
Identify the structure marked by the blue line.
Retina
What is denoted by the red star and the curved arrow?
Red star: Scala vestibule, Curved arrow: stria vascularis
Identify the structure known as the Organ of Corti.
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Name the cells pointed to by the black and green arrows.
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Identify the spaces denoted by 1 & 2.
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Name the membranes pointed to by the black and green arrows.
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What does the arrowhead indicate?
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Study Notes
Eye Structure
- The eyelid consists of skin, eyelid, orbicularis oculi muscle, Meibomian glands (tarsal glands), and conjunctiva.
- The cornea has Bowman's membrane, Descemet's membrane, keratocytes, and substantia propria.
- The retina consists of inner limiting membrane, layer of optic nerve fibers, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, outer limiting membrane, rods and cones layer, and pigment cell layer.
Retina Layers
- Inner limiting membrane is the innermost layer.
- Ganglion cell layer contains ganglion cells.
- Inner plexiform layer is where axons of bipolar cells synapse with dendrites of ganglion cells.
- Inner nuclear layer contains cell bodies of bipolar cells, Müller cells, and amacrine cells.
- Outer plexiform layer is where photoreceptors synapse with bipolar cells.
- Outer nuclear layer contains cell bodies of photoreceptors.
- Outer limiting membrane separates outer nuclear layer from rods and cones layer.
- Rods and cones layer contains photoreceptors.
- Pigment cell layer is the outermost layer.
Retina Features
- Fovea centralis is the region with only cones, responsible for high-acuity vision.
- Macula lutea (fovea centralis) is the depressed spot marked by the red circle.
Ear Structure
- The ear has the organ of Corti, which contains basilar membrane, outer phalangeal cells, inner phalangeal cells, outer hair cells, inner hair cells, outer pillar cells, inner pillar cells, and tunnel of Corti.
- The organ of Corti has cochlear duct (scala media), scala vestibuli, and scala tympani.
Organ of Corti
- Basilar membrane is the base of the organ of Corti.
- Outer hair cells are responsible for sound detection.
- Outer phalangeal cells are supporting cells.
- Tectorial membrane is a gel-like structure above the hair cells.
- Vestibular membrane separates the scala media from the scala vestibuli.
- Stria vascularis is the curved arrow pointing to the structure responsible for scala media's ionic composition.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the different components of the eye, including the eyelid and retina layers.
