Eye Structure and Retina Layers

Study Notes

The eyelid consists of skin, eyelid, orbicularis oculi muscle, Meibomian glands (tarsal glands), and conjunctiva.
The cornea has Bowman's membrane, Descemet's membrane, keratocytes, and substantia propria.
The retina consists of inner limiting membrane, layer of optic nerve fibers, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, outer limiting membrane, rods and cones layer, and pigment cell layer.

Inner limiting membrane is the innermost layer.
Ganglion cell layer contains ganglion cells.
Inner plexiform layer is where axons of bipolar cells synapse with dendrites of ganglion cells.
Inner nuclear layer contains cell bodies of bipolar cells, Müller cells, and amacrine cells.
Outer plexiform layer is where photoreceptors synapse with bipolar cells.
Outer nuclear layer contains cell bodies of photoreceptors.
Outer limiting membrane separates outer nuclear layer from rods and cones layer.
Rods and cones layer contains photoreceptors.
Pigment cell layer is the outermost layer.

Fovea centralis is the region with only cones, responsible for high-acuity vision.
Macula lutea (fovea centralis) is the depressed spot marked by the red circle.

The ear has the organ of Corti, which contains basilar membrane, outer phalangeal cells, inner phalangeal cells, outer hair cells, inner hair cells, outer pillar cells, inner pillar cells, and tunnel of Corti.
The organ of Corti has cochlear duct (scala media), scala vestibuli, and scala tympani.

Basilar membrane is the base of the organ of Corti.
Outer hair cells are responsible for sound detection.
Outer phalangeal cells are supporting cells.
Tectorial membrane is a gel-like structure above the hair cells.
Vestibular membrane separates the scala media from the scala vestibuli.
Stria vascularis is the curved arrow pointing to the structure responsible for scala media's ionic composition.