Eye Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the production of intraocular fluid?

  • Vitreous body
  • Iris
  • Cornea
  • Ciliary body (correct)

Which part of the drainage system of the eye is not correctly matched?

  • Trabecula - anterior chamber angle
  • Schlemm's canal - collector veins
  • Collector veins - sinus channel
  • Anterior ciliary arteries - trabecular mesh (correct)

What is the primary function of the collector veins in the eye's drainage system?

  • Regulating intraocular pressure
  • Facilitating nutrient delivery
  • Producing intraocular fluid
  • Draining aqueous humor (correct)

Which acquired disease of the lens is most commonly associated with age-related changes?

<p>Cataract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory innervation of the eye?

<p>Trigeminial nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for observing drainage systems in the eye?

<p>Gonioscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to endothelial cell density in the cornea as a person ages?

<p>It generally decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is primarily associated with the aqueous drainage pathway?

<p>Anterior ciliary arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of blood supply to the corneal layers?

<p>ciliary artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is primarily responsible for the nutrition of the lens in adults?

<p>intraocular fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the blood supply of the eye?

<p>superior mesenteric artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main artery supplying the retina is known as?

<p>central retinal artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are considered the collateral supply for the choroid?

<p>posterior ciliary arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ciliary arteries?

<p>to supply blood to the cornea and iris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel vasculature is mainly considered to supply the optic nerve?

<p>ophthalmic artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In clinical scenarios, a blockage in which artery could lead to vision problems due to insufficient blood flow to the retina?

<p>central retinal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are primarily responsible for supplying blood to the eyeball?

<p>Ciliary arteries and the central retinal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lists the arteries that feed the eyeball correctly?

<p>Ciliary arteries and lacrimal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central retinal artery?

<p>Feeds the retina and inner layers of the eye (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is specifically not one of the main arteries feeding the eyeball?

<p>Optic nerve artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two arteries together are critical for the vascular supply to the eye?

<p>Ciliary arteries and central retinal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option does not include an artery that supplies the eye?

<p>Vertebral artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries contribute to the blood supply of the anterior segment of the eye?

<p>Lacrimal artery and anterior ciliary arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could result from a blockage in the central retinal artery?

<p>Retinal ischemia and potential vision loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Impulse transmission sequence in the eye

Light signals are converted into nerve impulses that travel from photoreceptor cells (cones and rods) to bipolar cells, then to ganglion cells, forming the optic nerve. This is the fundamental pathway for vision.

Extraocular muscle innervation

The oculomotor nerve (N.oculomotorius) controls most of the eye's movement muscles.

Orbit shape

The orbit of the eye is shaped like a pyramid.

Eye movement muscles (medial, superior, inferior rectus)

These muscles work together to move the eye horizontally, vertically, diagonally.

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Opacity of the eye lens

Loss of transparency in the eye's lens capsule is called a cataract.

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Eye with artificial lens

An eye with an implanted artificial lens is called pseudophakic.

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Hypopion

Presence of purulent (pus-like) discharge in the anterior chamber of the eye.

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Keratometry measurement

Keratometry measures the curvature of the cornea.

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Cornea Innervation

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) provides sensory innervation to the cornea, responsible for pain, touch, and temperature sensation.

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Retinitis Pigmentosa Fundus

Retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease, causes a characteristic appearance on the fundus with bone spicule-like pigments around the macula.

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Eye Drainage System

The eye drainage system includes the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and collector veins, responsible for removing aqueous humor.

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Eyelid Muscles

The orbicularis oculi closes the eyelid (blinking), while the levator palpebrae superioris opens it.

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Intraocular Fluid Production

The ciliary body produces aqueous humor, the fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.

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Corneal Endothelial Cells

Corneal endothelial cells have limited regenerative capacity, mainly present in the limbus (edge) of the cornea.

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Crystalline Lens Location

The crystalline lens sits within the posterior chamber, behind the iris and in front of the vitreous humor.

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Acquired Lens Disease

Cataract, a clouding of the lens, is a common acquired disease affecting the lens.

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Intraocular Foreign Body Detection

A slit-lamp examination is the preferred method for detecting intraocular foreign bodies, which are objects lodged inside the eye.

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Binocular Vision Requirements

Binocular vision requires two main factors: emmetropia, the ability to clearly focus at all distances, and bifixation, where both eyes fixate on the same point.

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Intraocular Fluid Flow

The primary flow path for intraocular fluid (aqueous humor) is the trabecular meshwork, then the uveascleral outflow.

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Cornea Layer Order

The layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, endothelium.

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Visual Field Boundaries

The largest borders of the visual field are associated with the color blue.

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Eye Movement Muscle Innervation

The oculomotor nerve (N.oculomotorius) controls most eye muscles, with trochlear nerve (N.trochlearis) for the superior oblique muscle and abducens nerve (N.abducens) for the lateral rectus muscle.

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Normal Visual Field Boundaries

Normal visual field borders are: lateral 90 degrees, down 60 degrees, up 55 degrees, medial 55 degrees.

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Eyeball Blood Supply

The central retinal artery, ciliary arteries, and ethmoidal artery are all critical for supplying blood to the eyeball.

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Study Notes

Eye Anatomy and Function

  • Eye Structures and Origins:
    • Parts of the eyeball: Lens (a), Iris (c), Neuroreceptors (b)
    • Source of the eyeball's origin: Neural ectoderm (a), Ectoderm of skin (b), Mesenchim (c)
  • Binocular Vision:
    • The ability to look with two eyes without mixing monocular images
  • Conjunctivitis Symptoms:
    • Diminishing vision, Sensation of sand, Dizziness
  • Superior Oblique Muscle Innervation:
    • Innervated by the trochlear nerve (N. trochlearis)
  • Corneal Staining Stains:
    • Silver nitrate, Fluorescein, Boric acid, Iodine
  • YAG Laser in Cataract Treatment:
    • Used in a variety of cataract surgery, including secondary, traumatic and cortical cataracts (but not congenital)
  • Sensory Innervation of Choroid:
    • The average rate and is strong. Not none, or weak.
  • Worth Apparatus and Monocular Vision:
    • Patients with monocular vision see 5 circles on the Worth apparatus.
  • Parts of the Optic Nerve:
    • Optic nerve, chiasm, visual pathways, visual center (intracranial, intracanalicular, intraorbital, optic nerve head)
  • Time for impulse to reach occipital cortex after retinal stimulation:
    • Approximately 124 milliseconds
  • Nutriment of the choroid:
    • Provided by the posterior ciliary arteries.
  • Tear Drainage Pathway:
    • Glandula lacrimalis, canaliculi, saccus lacrimalis, canalis nasolacrimalis
  • Dychromasia:
    • Low sensitivity to one or two colors or disorders in the visual field
  • Superior Orbital Fissure Contents:
    • oculomotor nerve (N.oculomotorius), central retinal artery, anterior ciliary arteries, central retinal vein, optic nerve
  • Pterigium:
    • presence of subconjunctival tissue in the internal angular area that passes over the cornea (usually due to chronic eye irritation/exposure)
  • Retina Structure
    • Posterior layer, fibrous layer, middle layer
  • Intraocular Pressure Measurement (Machlakov):
    • Measurement range of 17–26 mm Hg
  • Foreign Body Removal from Cornea:
    • Use of a special needle; keep under observation for 3 days
  • Ciliary Body and Iris Blood Supply:
    • Short posterior ciliary arteries
  • Innervation of the Cornea:
    • Provided by the trigeminal nerve (N. trigeminalis)
  • Eye Fundus Findings in Retinitis Pigmentosa:
    • Local hemorrhages, bone crumbs, red cherry spots, dystrophic lesions
  • Drainage System (Eye):
    • Includes trabecula, Schlemms canal, venous collector system
  • Eyellids Muscles:
    • Orbicularis oculi muscle
  • Intraocular Fluid Production:
    • Ciliary body
  • Regenerative Ability of Corneal Endothelial Cells:
    • Present throughout life, and in particular in the limbal area.
  • "Crushed Tomato" Symptom:
    • Seen in central retinal vein occlusion
  • Location of Crystalline Lens:
    • Posterior chamber of the eye
  • Acquired Lens Diseases:
    • Cataract (Lens opacity)
  • Sensory Innervation of the Eye:
    • By the trigeminal nerve (N. trigeminalis)
  • Beginning of Optic Nerve:
    • Optic nerve disc.
  • Endothelial Cell Amount in Cornea:
    • Stable
  • Examination of the Eye Drainage Systems:
    • Gonioscopy
  • Intraocular Fluid Production:
    • By the ciliary body
  • Innervation of Upper Eyelid:
    • Oculomotor nerve (N. oculomotorius)
  • Ciliary Body Function:
    • Accommodation of the eye
  • Visual Acuity (Snellen Chart):
    • The lowest row visible with acuity of 0.6 corresponds to line 6/10
  • Innermost Layer of the Eye:
    • Retina
  • Testing for Corneal Disturbances
    • Keratoscopy, gonioscopy, tonometry, perimetry, skiascopy

Other Eye Conditions and Procedures

  • Aphakia
    • Absence of a lens
  • Determination of Sequence of Examinations:
    • Gonioscopy (Anterior chamber angle), Ophthalmoscopy (Fundus), Strabometry (Deviation angle), Keratometry (Cornea shape and curvature)
  • Location of Lamina Cribrosa:
    • Retina
  • Normal Central Vision:
    • 20/20 (or 6/6)
  • Blind Spot Location:
    • Medial to the fixation point, by roughly 15 degrees.
  • Highest Visual Acuity Location:
    • Fovea centralis
  • Most Dangerous Complication of Cellulitis:
    • Cerebral involvement.
  • Examination of Binocularity:
    • Worth test
  • Secretion of Tears (Lacrima):
    • Lacrimal glands
  • Scotopic Vision Basis:
    • Rods
  • Visual Field Examination Methods:
    • Perimetry, ophthalmoscopy, with perimeter
  • Color Vision Method:
    • Using the 4-point apparatus, Rabkin tables, Golovin-Sivtsev schedule, perimeter
  • Retinal Color Vision Cells:
    • Cones
  • Advantages of Binocular Vision:
    • Expanded visual field, controlled intraocular pressure, increased visual acuity, relaxed accommodation.
  • Types of Astigmatism Combinations:
    • Simple (same type, both meridians), compound (different types, both meridians), mixed (different types, separate meridians.)
  • Choroid Nutriment
    • From the posterior ciliary arteries

Additional Information

  • Eye Structures and Function:
    • The cornea is thinned in keratoglobus and keratoconus
    • Normal visual acuity at a distance of 0.5 meters corresponds to a reading of 1/10 (or 0,1) using a Snellen chart.
    • The ciliary body is provided with blood by the short posterior ciliary arteries
    • Normal intraocular pressure is 9-21 mm Hg (measured using a tonometer, such as in the case of the Machlakov tonometer)

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Description

Test your knowledge on eye anatomy, functions, and related conditions with this comprehensive quiz. From understanding the structures of the eye to recognizing symptoms of eye diseases, this quiz covers essential topics in ocular health. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of vision sciences.

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