Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the genioglossus muscle?
What is the primary function of the genioglossus muscle?
Which muscle primarily assists in elevating the posterior part of the tongue?
Which muscle primarily assists in elevating the posterior part of the tongue?
Which muscle would likely assist in narrowing and elongating the tongue?
Which muscle would likely assist in narrowing and elongating the tongue?
What is the innervation for the palatoglossus muscle?
What is the innervation for the palatoglossus muscle?
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Where does the superior longitudinal muscle originate?
Where does the superior longitudinal muscle originate?
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Which muscle of the tongue does NOT originate from the hypoglossal nerve?
Which muscle of the tongue does NOT originate from the hypoglossal nerve?
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What is a distinguishing feature of intrinsic muscles of the tongue compared to extrinsic muscles?
What is a distinguishing feature of intrinsic muscles of the tongue compared to extrinsic muscles?
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Which muscle pulls the tip of the tongue downward?
Which muscle pulls the tip of the tongue downward?
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What shape is the hyoid bone, and where is it located?
What shape is the hyoid bone, and where is it located?
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What is the primary action of the vertical muscle of the tongue?
What is the primary action of the vertical muscle of the tongue?
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Study Notes
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
- Originate outside the tongue and insert into it
- Move the tongue anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally
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Genioglossus:
- Originates at the mental spine of the mandible.
- Inserts at the body of the tongue and the hyoid bone.
- Protrudes the tongue and assists in retracting and depressing it.
- Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
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Hypoglossus:
- Originates at the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone.
- Inserts at the lateral aspect of the tongue.
- Depresses and retracts the tongue.
- Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
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Styloglossus:
- Originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone.
- Inserts at the lateral and inferior aspects of the tongue.
- Elevates and retracts the tongue.
- Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
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Palatoglossus:
- Origin: Palatine aponeurosis of the soft palate.
- Inserts the lateral aspect of the tongue.
- Elevates the posterior part of the tongue and assists in swallowing.
- Innervation by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus.
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
- Originate and insert within the tongue.
- Run in 3 directions: Longitudinal, horizontal (transverse), vertical
- Alter only the shape of the tongue, rather than moving the entire tongue.
- Innervated by Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII).
- Attached to the submucosa and to the median fibrous septum.
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Superior longitudinal muscle:
- Originates at the submucosal layer near the dorsum of the tongue.
- Inserts at the tip and sides of the tongue.
- Shortens the tongue and turns the tip upwards.
- Innervation by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
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Inferior longitudinal muscle:
- Originates at the root of the tongue and the body of the hyoid bone.
- Inserts at the tip of the tongue.
- Shortens the tongue and pulls the tip downwards.
- Innervation by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
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Transverse muscle:
- Originates at the median septum of the tongue.
- Inserts at the submucosa on the sides of the tongue.
- Narrows and elongates the tongue.
- Innervation by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
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Vertical muscle:
- Originates at the dorsum of the tongue.
- Inserts at the ventral surface of the tongue.
- Flattens and broadens the tongue.
- Innervation by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
Hyoid Bone
- U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck at level of C3.
- Only bone in the human body that does not directly articulate with any other bone.
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Description
Explore the four main extrinsic muscles of the tongue, their origins, insertions, functions, and innervations. This quiz will test your knowledge on the genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus muscles. Perfect for anatomy students or anyone interested in understanding tongue movements.
