Extracellular Matrix Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What role do proline and hydroxyproline play in fibronectin and laminin?

  • They anchor cells to the extracellular matrix.
  • They help synthesize procollagen.
  • They form unbranched polysaccharides.
  • They stabilize the helical structure. (correct)

    • Which type of collagen is classified as a fibril-forming collagen?

  • Type II
  • Type IX
  • Type I (correct)
  • Type IV

    • What distinguishes network-forming collagens from fibril-forming collagens?

  • Their organization into unbranched polysaccharides.
  • Their amino acid composition.
  • Their synthesis process intracellularly.
  • Their ability to stabilize other collagens. (correct)

    • What type of structure do unbranched polysaccharides composed of in collagen?

    <p>Sugars and sugar acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the highly negative charge in collagen relates to its function?

    <p>It attracts cations for structural stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the basal lamina play in tissue structure?

    <p>It acts as a selective filter for molecules and cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the basal lamina?

    <p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ECM facilitate interactions between cells?

    <p>Through dimerization with cell receptors such as integrins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>Proteins and polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abundance of ECM in bone and cartilage tissue?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of fibronectin in the ECM?

    <p>It acts as a bridge between cells and the ECM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ECM?

    <p>To retain moisture and provide cushioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process illustrates the role of ECM in tissue regeneration?

    <p>Neuromuscular junction regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural role of the cross-shaped heterotrimer in the basal lamina?

    <p>Fills spaces and provides mechanical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the regulatory role of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>It promotes cancer cell migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components bind to Type IV collagen within the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Laminin, Nidogen, and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of proteoglycans is critical to their role in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>They resist compression and provide hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) enhance the properties of the ground substance in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>By creating a hydrated gel matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule is elastin, and how is it typically structured in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>A cross-linked elastin molecule via lysine residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary function of integrins within the extracellular matrix?

    <p>To facilitate cell attachment and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of the function of ground substance in connective tissues?

    <p>Providing hydration and resisting compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary role does Hyaluronic Acid play in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Facilitating cell migration and tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the extracellular matrix is primarily responsible for its tensile strength?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elastin is particularly known for which of the following functions?

    <p>Contributing to the elasticity of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural characteristic of collagen?

    <p>Triple helix of polypeptide α-chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Providing structural and adhesive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does elastin play in the function of blood vessels?

    <p>Enabling elastic recoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the glycine content in collagen?

    <p>It allows for tight packing of polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of collagen's role in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Prevention of over-stretching of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Fibril-Associated Collagens (FACIT)?

    <p>Provide resistance to compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is linked to FACIT proteins through tetrasaccharide linkage?

    <p>Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Aggrecan in cartilage?

    <p>Resists compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosaminoglycan is characterized as the simplest and non-sulfated?

    <p>Hyaluronan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Decorin in connective tissues?

    <p>Regulates collagen fibril assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glycosaminoglycans contributes to resilience in cartilage?

    <p>Chondroitin sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) primarily added to proteins during their synthesis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Syndecans in tissues?

    <p>Participate in cell signaling and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

    • The ECM is a complex network surrounding cells in tissues
    • It's composed of proteins and polysaccharides
    • 95% of bone and cartilage is ECM
    • ECM plays a crucial structural role, filling spaces and providing mechanical support
    • It also plays regulatory roles—influencing cell survival, development, shape, and function
    • ECM is dynamic, meaning it is continuously made, assembled, and degraded
    • Cancer cells use the ECM for migration

    Key Components of ECM

    • Collagen:
      • Provides tensile strength
      • Forms fibrils (e.g., type I in bone, skin, tendons), or networks (e.g. type IV in basal lamina)
      • Triple helix structure with Glycine, Proline, and Hydroxyproline amino acids
      • Synthesized as procollagen intracellularly and cleaved extracellularly
    • Elastin:
      • Provides elasticity in skin, lungs, and arteries
      • Cross-linked elastin molecules via lysine residues, providing elasticity
    • Proteoglycans:
      • Protein core with attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
      • Types of GAGs: Hyaluronic acid (non-sulfated), Chondroitin/Dermatan sulfates, Heparan sulfate, Keratan sulfate
      • Contribute to hydration and resistance to compression
      • Examples: Aggrecan in cartilage, resists compression; Decorin regulates collagen fibril assembly; Syndecans for cell signaling and adhesion.
    • Adhesion proteins:
      • Fibronectin and Laminin
      • Facilitate cell adhesion, migration, and interactions with ECM.
      • Help anchor cells to the ECM

    More about Proteoglycans

    • Proteoglycans are composed of proteins attached to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
    • GAGs are repeating disaccharide units with high negative charges (sulfate/carboxyl groups) that attract cations and water
    • This attraction causes the hydrated gel formation and resistance to compression
    • Hyaluronic acid is the simplest and most abundant non-sulfated GAG, important for tissue repair

    Basal Lamina

    • Specialized ECM that separates epithelium from connective tissues
    • Contains laminin, type IV collagen, nidogen, and perlecan
    • Acts as a selective filter for molecules and cells
    • Crucial for tissue regeneration, like in neuromuscular junctions

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    Extracellular Matrix (ECM) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the extracellular matrix, its key components, and their functions. This quiz covers the importance of ECM in tissue structure and its role in cell behavior and disease. Challenge yourself to understand the intricate relationships between ECM components and their biological significance.

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