Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

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Questions and Answers

Which type of protein connects cells with collagen fibers in the ECM, allowing cells to move through the ECM?

  • Collagen
  • Nidogens
  • Fibronectin (correct)
  • Laminin

Which cell type is responsible for bone formation?

  • Macrophages
  • Chondrocytes
  • Osteoblasts (correct)
  • Fibroblasts

Which property of the ECM plays an influential role in regulating numerous cell functions?

  • pH level
  • Stiffness and elasticity (correct)
  • Chemical composition
  • Temperature

What is the process by which a cell changes from one cell type to another called?

<p>Cell differentiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanical property of the ECM can direct cellular differentiation?

<p>Elasticity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

<p>Cell migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the animal extracellular matrix (ECM)?

<p>Collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are basement membranes found in animals?

<p>On the surface of epithelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the plant extracellular matrix (ECM)?

<p>Cellulose and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are components of the ECM produced and secreted?

<p>Through exocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteoglycan is found in all animal tissues and binds to a variety of protein ligands?

<p>Heparan sulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteoglycan contributes to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and walls of the aorta?

<p>Chondroitin sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteoglycan is present in the cornea, cartilage, bones, and the horns of animals?

<p>Keratan sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-proteoglycan polysaccharide is found in abundance in the ECM of load-bearing joints and confers upon tissues the ability to resist compression?

<p>Hyaluronic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is the most abundant in the ECM and accounts for 90% of bone matrix protein content?

<p>Collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cellular Interactions with the ECM

  • Integrin proteins connect cells with collagen fibers in the ECM, allowing cells to move through the ECM.

Bone Formation

  • Osteoblasts are the cell type responsible for bone formation.

ECM Properties

  • The ECM's mechanical property plays an influential role in regulating numerous cell functions.

Cellular Differentiation

  • The process by which a cell changes from one cell type to another is called transdifferentiation.
  • The mechanical property of the ECM can direct cellular differentiation.

Functions of the ECM

  • A common function of the ECM is to provide structural support and regulate cellular behavior.

Components of the ECM

Animal ECM

  • The components of the animal ECM include collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.

Basement Membranes

  • Basement membranes are found in animals surrounding epithelial, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells.

Plant ECM

  • The components of the plant ECM include cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.

ECM Production and Secretion

  • Components of the ECM are produced and secreted by cells through exocytosis.

Proteoglycans

  • Heparan sulfate is a type of proteoglycan found in all animal tissues and binds to a variety of protein ligands.
  • Decorin is a type of proteoglycan that contributes to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and walls of the aorta.
  • Keratan sulfate is a type of proteoglycan present in the cornea, cartilage, bones, and the horns of animals.
  • Hyaluronic acid is a non-proteoglycan polysaccharide found in abundance in the ECM of load-bearing joints, conferring upon tissues the ability to resist compression.

ECM Proteins

  • Collagen is the most abundant protein in the ECM and accounts for 90% of bone matrix protein content.

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