Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary protein that gives tendons, ligaments, and cartilages their strength?
What is the primary protein that gives tendons, ligaments, and cartilages their strength?
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the weight-bearing strength of bones?
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the weight-bearing strength of bones?
Which type of bone is characterized as being longer than they are wide?
Which type of bone is characterized as being longer than they are wide?
What is the function of proteoglycans in connective tissue?
What is the function of proteoglycans in connective tissue?
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Which part of a long bone is described as the central shaft-like structure?
Which part of a long bone is described as the central shaft-like structure?
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What shape best describes short bones?
What shape best describes short bones?
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Which of the following bones is categorized as a flat bone?
Which of the following bones is categorized as a flat bone?
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What is the role of the endosteum in long bones?
What is the role of the endosteum in long bones?
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What function does the skeletal system perform in relation to vital organs?
What function does the skeletal system perform in relation to vital organs?
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Which type of bone has a complex shape and does not fit into other categories?
Which type of bone has a complex shape and does not fit into other categories?
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Study Notes
Extracellular Matrix
- Crucial for bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments structure
- Collagen: Tough, rope-like protein, providing strength (like steel in concrete)
- Mineral component (like concrete): Provides compression strength
- Hydroxyapatite: Primary mineral in bone, calcium phosphate crystals
- Proteoglycans: Large molecules of polysaccharides attached to proteins
- Proteoglycans aggregate, attracting and retaining water
Classification of Bones
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Long Bones: Longer than wide, knobby ends for articulation
- Hollow shafts, solid ends
- Articular cartilage (hyaline) coats ends for joint articulation
- Slightly curved for strength
- Examples: Arms, legs, fingers, toes
- Parts:
- Diaphysis (shaft)
- Epiphysis (ends)
- Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)
- Periosteum (outer connective tissue layer)
- Endosteum (inner epithelial membrane lining the medullary cavity)
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Short Bones: Equal length and width, nearly cube-shaped
- Examples: Ankle and wrist bones
-
Flat Bones: Thin, provide protection and muscle attachments
- Examples: Skull, sternum, ribs
-
Irregular Bones: Complex shapes
- Examples: Face and vertebral column bones
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Support: Supports and stabilizes soft tissues (muscles, blood vessels, nerves, fat, skin)
- Protection: Protects vital organs (brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs) and other soft tissues
- Movement: Provides attachments for muscles, acting as levers during movement
- Blood Cell Production: Hemopoiesis (making blood cells) occurs in red bone marrow, a connective tissue within bone
-
Storage: Stores mineral salts (phosphorus, calcium) and fats
- Yellow bone marrow (adipose cells, triglycerides – fats)
- Red bone marrow (in newborns, all marrow is red; with age, much changes into yellow)
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Description
Explore the essential roles of the extracellular matrix in providing structure to bones, cartilage, and connective tissues. This quiz covers the classification of bones, detailing the characteristics and functions of long and short bones, including their anatomy and components.
