External Genital Organs Overview

Study Notes

The external genital organs protect the openings of the vagina and urethra.
Mons pubis: A rounded mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone, it protects the pubic area from bruising during sex and is covered in hair during puberty.
Labia majora: Two elongated, hair-covered folds of skin that enclose the other organs of the external female genitalia.
Labia minora: Two smaller folds of tissue, enclosed by the labia majora.
Vestibule: The area between the labia minora. It contains the clitoris, urethral opening, and vaginal opening.
Clitoris: A small erectile organ at the top of the vestibule, rich in nerve supply and blood vessels. Its function is sexual excitation and it is very sensitive to touch.
Urethral opening: The opening of the urethra.
Vaginal opening: The entrance to the vagina.
Hymen: A fold of thin vaginal tissue that partially covers the vaginal entrance in girls. Can be torn during exercise or sexual penetration.
Perineum: The skin-covered muscular area between the vaginal opening and the anus, supporting the pelvic cavity contents.

Vagina: A muscular, membranous tube connecting the external genitalia to the cervix and uterus. It serves as a passage for sperm, menstrual flow, and the fetus during childbirth.
Uterus: A hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized ovum develops into a fetus. Its primary function is protecting and nourishing the fetus until birth. Parts include the body, fundus, endometrial cavity and cervix.
Fallopian tubes: Two tubes connecting each ovary to the uterine body, transporting the ovum or zygote. Sections include the isthmus (attaches to the uterus), ampulla (middle section) and infundibulum (funnel-shaped end at the ovary).
Ovaries: Almond-sized paired female reproductive organs located in the pelvic cavity. They produce eggs and secrete hormones (estrogen and progesterone). A mature follicle and ovum develops during each menstrual cycle.