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Questions and Answers
Which of the following medications can be used to treat chlamydial infection?
Which of the following medications can be used to treat chlamydial infection?
Quinolones are safe to use in pregnancy.
Quinolones are safe to use in pregnancy.
False
What type of discharge is typically associated with trichomoniasis?
What type of discharge is typically associated with trichomoniasis?
greenish frothy discharge
Partner management requires treating the current partner if there is no __________ after initial treatment.
Partner management requires treating the current partner if there is no __________ after initial treatment.
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Which treatment is recommended for candidiasis during the first trimester of pregnancy?
Which treatment is recommended for candidiasis during the first trimester of pregnancy?
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Match the types of vaginal discharge with their corresponding cause:
Match the types of vaginal discharge with their corresponding cause:
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Bimanual pelvic examination is not necessary for assessing pelvic inflammatory disease.
Bimanual pelvic examination is not necessary for assessing pelvic inflammatory disease.
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What is the follow-up period after chlamydial infection treatment?
What is the follow-up period after chlamydial infection treatment?
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What is the recommended treatment for male urethral discharge?
What is the recommended treatment for male urethral discharge?
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Syphilis testing is mandatory for all patients diagnosed with male urethral discharge.
Syphilis testing is mandatory for all patients diagnosed with male urethral discharge.
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What condition should be treated if symptoms of urethral discharge persist after initial treatment?
What condition should be treated if symptoms of urethral discharge persist after initial treatment?
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In pregnant patients, it is recommended to use __________ to cover gonococcal infections.
In pregnant patients, it is recommended to use __________ to cover gonococcal infections.
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Match the following syndromes with their descriptions:
Match the following syndromes with their descriptions:
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What is one of the common syndromes associated with STDs in women?
What is one of the common syndromes associated with STDs in women?
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Syndromic management is more cost-effective than lab-based diagnosis.
Syndromic management is more cost-effective than lab-based diagnosis.
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What should be provided to partners of patients diagnosed with urethral discharge?
What should be provided to partners of patients diagnosed with urethral discharge?
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What should be administered to pregnant women with a positive RPR?
What should be administered to pregnant women with a positive RPR?
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Pregnant women with a penicillin allergy should receive penicillin as treatment.
Pregnant women with a penicillin allergy should receive penicillin as treatment.
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What treatment should be given to neonates following delivery if the mother had syphilis?
What treatment should be given to neonates following delivery if the mother had syphilis?
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Pregnant women with herpetic lesions at the onset of labor should be delivered by __________.
Pregnant women with herpetic lesions at the onset of labor should be delivered by __________.
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In the case of a complicated gonococcal infection, what will Gram's stain examination show?
In the case of a complicated gonococcal infection, what will Gram's stain examination show?
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Women without symptoms can deliver __________.
Women without symptoms can deliver __________.
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Match the treatment options with the corresponding conditions:
Match the treatment options with the corresponding conditions:
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What is the recommended oral medication for pregnant women with a first episode of genital herpes?
What is the recommended oral medication for pregnant women with a first episode of genital herpes?
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What is the common treatment for Donovanosis?
What is the common treatment for Donovanosis?
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Genital herpes can be completely cured with antiviral medications.
Genital herpes can be completely cured with antiviral medications.
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Which virus is responsible for causing genital herpes?
Which virus is responsible for causing genital herpes?
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to ________ cancer.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to ________ cancer.
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Match the following conditions with their characteristics:
Match the following conditions with their characteristics:
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Which of the following is primarily associated with genital herpes?
Which of the following is primarily associated with genital herpes?
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Individuals from higher socio-economic groups have a lower risk of STD infections.
Individuals from higher socio-economic groups have a lower risk of STD infections.
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What is the primary cause of Donovanosis?
What is the primary cause of Donovanosis?
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Higher STD rates are observed among individuals aged ______.
Higher STD rates are observed among individuals aged ______.
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Which factor does NOT contribute to an increase in STDs in developing countries?
Which factor does NOT contribute to an increase in STDs in developing countries?
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Match the following STDs with their causative agents:
Match the following STDs with their causative agents:
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Prostitution has no significant influence on the spread of STDs.
Prostitution has no significant influence on the spread of STDs.
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What demographic group experiences the highest morbidity rates for STDs?
What demographic group experiences the highest morbidity rates for STDs?
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Which of the following is a mild or moderate treatment for PID in women without a tubo-ovarian abscess?
Which of the following is a mild or moderate treatment for PID in women without a tubo-ovarian abscess?
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Doxycycline is considered safe for use in pregnant women.
Doxycycline is considered safe for use in pregnant women.
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What is the recommended dosage of Ibuprofen for managing pain in patients with PID?
What is the recommended dosage of Ibuprofen for managing pain in patients with PID?
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The use of ________ should be advised during the treatment of PID to prevent gastritis.
The use of ________ should be advised during the treatment of PID to prevent gastritis.
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with lower abdominal pain in females?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with lower abdominal pain in females?
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Match the following tests with their purpose:
Match the following tests with their purpose:
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What is the required protocol for treating male partners of women diagnosed with PID?
What is the required protocol for treating male partners of women diagnosed with PID?
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Intrauterine devices should be left in place during PID treatment.
Intrauterine devices should be left in place during PID treatment.
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Study Notes
Extent of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
- Worldwide, the true incidence of STDs is unknown due to underreporting and secrecy
- STDs are among the top 5 disease categories for adults seeking healthcare globally
- Over 1 million new STIs are acquired daily.
- An estimated 374 million new infections occur annually with one of four STIs
- Data from 2020 show high prevalence of chlamydia (129 million), gonorrhoea (82 million), syphilis (7.1 million) and trichomoniasis (156 million)
- Over 500 million people live with genital herpes infections
- Over 300 million women have ongoing HPV infections
- 296 million people live with chronic hepatitis B.
- STIs can increase the risk of HIV acquisition by three-fold or more
- STIs can cause stillbirth, neonatal death, low birth weight, prematurity, sepsis, pneumonia, neonatal conjunctivitis, and congenital deformities.
- Over 900,000 pregnant women were infected with syphilis in 2012, leading to 350,000 adverse birth outcomes, including stillbirths.
- HPV infection causes about 528,000 cases of cervical cancer each year and 266,000 cervical cancer deaths annually
- STIs like gonorrhoea and chlamydia contribute significantly to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and female infertility.
STDs in India
- Syphilis: 17,787 cases (6,088 males and 11,699 females) reported in 2020, with 40 deaths
- Gonorrhoea: 27,582 cases (8,669 males and 18,903 females) reported in 2020, with 5 deaths.
- Chancroid: Fair prevalence in India.
- LGV: More prevalent in southern states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka).
- Donovanosis: Endemic in southern states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka, and Maharashtra) with higher prevalence in coastal regions.
- Other STDs: Insufficient reporting data available.
Epidemiological Determinants
- Agent factors: Over 20 pathogens transmitted through sexual contact. Table 2 outlines pathogens and diseases.
-
Host factors:
- Age: Highest incidence in 20-24 year olds, followed by the 25-29 and 15-19 year old demographics.
- Sex: Higher morbidity in men than women (e.g., PID).
- Marital status: Higher frequency in single, divorced, and separated individuals.
- Socio-economic status: Increased morbidity in lower socio-economic groups.
- Demographic factors: Population explosion, young people, rural-urban migration, education opportunities for women, and delayed marriages.
- Social factors: Prostitution, broken homes, sexual disharmony, emotional immaturity, urbanization, social disruptions, international travel, and changing behavioral patterns. Alcohol use.
Syndromic Approaches to STD
- Many agents cause similar STDs. Table 3 illustrates syndromes and sequelae linked to STDs .
- Diagnosing STDs is often based on clinical presentation, due to cost and availability issues, using flowcharts for diagnosis and treatment rather than just testing every time.
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Description
This quiz dives into the global incidence and impact of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Learn about the prevalence of various STIs, their effects on health, and the alarming statistics surrounding these infections. Understand the implications of STDs on individuals and public health.
