Extent of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A sexually transmitted infection (STI) characterized by painless sores that develop into granulomatous lesions.

An STI caused by HSV-2, presenting as blisters, sores, and recurrent outbreaks.

Common STI causing genital warts and linked to cervical cancer.

A method of diagnosing STIs based on similar symptoms instead of focusing on a specific organism.

Sores in the genital area, commonly caused by syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes, treated separately from gonorrhea.

Treatment for HPV generally focuses on large visible lesions, as subclinical infections often clear up on their own.

Treatment of STDs requires considering similar clinical manifestations or syndromes, then isolating the specific causative organism.

Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns, often sexually transmitted.

A sexually transmitted infection caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis characterized by granulomas.

Sexually transmitted infection caused by Herpes simplex viruses.

Liver inflammation, potentially caused by Hepatitis B virus.

Sexually transmitted infections caused by Human papillomaviruses (HPV).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV infection.

Sexually transmitted skin infection characterized by small, flesh-colored bumps.

Inflammation of the vagina, potentially caused by Candida albicans or Trichomonas vaginalis.

20-24 year olds, followed by 25-29 and 15-19.

Higher in men overall, more serious in women, particularly during fetal development and for newborns.

Individuals from lower socioeconomic groups are at a higher risk.

Single, divorced, and separated individuals have higher STD rates than married couples.

Increased population, young people, rural-urban migration, women's education lead to higher STD risks.

Significant factor in STD transmission.

Promiscuity often linked to broken homes.

Strained relationships in married couples lead to increased risk.

Prostitution is common in poverty-stricken regions.

A key factor in acquiring STDs.

Increased risk due to long hours, isolation, social mobility, casual encounters.

Disasters, wars, and unrest increase vulnerability to STDs.

Contributes to the spread of resistant STDs.

Diagnosing STIs based on similar symptoms, not specific organisms, for easier, more accessible diagnosis.

A symptom group used in syndromic management of STDs in males involving a discharge from the urethra.

Single-dose Cefixime and Azithromycin are typical treatments under supervision, using syndromic management.

Treating sexual partners of someone with an STD, even asymptomatic, to prevent further spread.

In pregnant individuals with STDs, cephalosporins are prioritized to treat gonococcal infections.

Syndromic management is more cost-effective than lab tests for STDs due to accessibility and quicker treatment.

Syndromic management makes STD diagnosis and treatment easier and more available because of no need of lab facilities.

Patients should return 7 days after treatment to ensure symptoms are resolved; or refer if necessary.

If symptoms don't clear after initial treatment, further investigation or different treatment may be required.

Treat with erythromycin 500mg orally four times per day for 7 days or amoxicillin 500mg orally three times per day for 7 days

Quinolones should not be used during pregnancy

Return visit scheduled 7 days after initial treatment

Evaluate if the treatment was effective and identify reasons for symptom persistence

Clinician confirms the presence of vaginal discharge

Assess menstrual history to rule out pregnancy during vaginal discharge assessment

Different types of vaginitis present with varying discharge colors (e.g. greenish frothy, curdy white, adherent)

Cervicitis may include cervical erosions, ulcers, and mucopurulent discharge

Bimanual pelvic exam to screen for PID, a severe infection

2g orally, single dose, for vaginitis treatment

150mg orally, single dose, for yeast infection treatment

Treating the sexual partner if symptoms are present or there is no improvement after initial treatment, advising on safe sex practices

Treatment strategies adjusted during pregnancy (e.g. using topical medications over oral ones for first trimester BV or Trich.)

Pain in the lower abdomen, potentially a sign of an infection like Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).

High body temperature along with pain in the lower abdomen, often a sign of infection.

Fluid or mucus that is released from the vagina; abnormal amount or appearance could be a symptom.

Changes in the typical menstrual cycle; can be a symptom of a medical condition.

Painful menstruation, often described as cramping.

Painful sexual intercourse.

Painful urination.

Pain in the lower back.

Intrauterine device, a type of birth control.

Examination of the vagina and cervix using a speculum.

Examination of the lower abdomen for tenderness or guarding.

Examination of the pelvic organs for tenderness.

A test to detect pregnancy hormones in urine.

Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge.

Pregnant women with a positive RPR test are presumed to have syphilis until proven otherwise with documented treatment

A second dose of penicillin 2.4 million units IM is administered one week after the initial dose for primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis in pregnant individuals.

Erythromycin should be used for pregnant women with documented penicillin allergies who have syphilis.

Treat the newborn following delivery if the mother has syphilis.

Pregnant women with a history of genital herpes or current signs/symptoms should be evaluated for herpetic lesions.

Women without active herpes lesions can deliver vaginally; women with active herpes lesions should deliver via Cesarean.

Acyclovir can be given orally to pregnant women with first-episode or severe recurrent genital herpes.

Pain/swelling in the scrotum, possible urinary issues, systemic symptoms, and high-risk sexual history are clinical clues

Physical examination includes scrotal swelling, redness/edema, epididymis/vas deferens tenderness, urethral discharge/ulcers/lymph nodes and the transillumination test for hydrocele.

Gram stain for urethral discharge (intracellular diplococci for gonorrhea) or neutrophil count in urine/discharge for non-gonococcal infections.

Oral Cefixime and Doxycycline for 7 and 14 days respectively; refer to a specialized center for complicated cases.

Referrals to a higher center for complicated cases. Parenteral treatment and longer treatment durations are often needed for severe infections

Treating the sexual partner of someone with an STI, even if they show no symptoms.

Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy; use Erythromycin base/Amoxicillin instead.