Extent of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications can be used to treat chlamydial infection?

  • Tinidazole 500 mg orally twice daily for 5 days
  • Erythromycin 500 mg orally four times a day (correct)
  • Cefixime 400 mg orally single dose (correct)
  • Metronidazole 500 mg orally three times a day

    • Quinolones are safe to use in pregnancy.

    False

    What type of discharge is typically associated with trichomoniasis?

    greenish frothy discharge

    Partner management requires treating the current partner if there is no __________ after initial treatment.

    <p>improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for candidiasis during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Local Clotrimazole treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of vaginal discharge with their corresponding cause:

    <p>Trichomoniasis = Greenish frothy discharge Candidiasis = Curdy white discharge Bacterial vaginosis = Adherent discharge Mixed infections = Atypical discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bimanual pelvic examination is not necessary for assessing pelvic inflammatory disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the follow-up period after chlamydial infection treatment?

    <p>7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for male urethral discharge?

    <p>Tab.Cefixime 400 mg orally, single dose + Tab Azithromycin 1 gram orally, single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syphilis testing is mandatory for all patients diagnosed with male urethral discharge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition should be treated if symptoms of urethral discharge persist after initial treatment?

    <p>T.vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pregnant patients, it is recommended to use __________ to cover gonococcal infections.

    <p>cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following syndromes with their descriptions:

    <p>Male urethritis = Inflammation of the male urethra Salpingitis = Inflammation of the fallopian tubes Proctitis = Inflammation of the rectum Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) = A serious disease affecting the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common syndromes associated with STDs in women?

    <p>Vaginitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syndromic management is more cost-effective than lab-based diagnosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided to partners of patients diagnosed with urethral discharge?

    <p>Condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be administered to pregnant women with a positive RPR?

    <p>Consider syphilis unless treated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pregnant women with a penicillin allergy should receive penicillin as treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment should be given to neonates following delivery if the mother had syphilis?

    <p>The neonate should be treated according to guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pregnant women with herpetic lesions at the onset of labor should be delivered by __________.

    <p>cesarean section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a complicated gonococcal infection, what will Gram's stain examination show?

    <p>Gram-negative intracellular diplococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women without symptoms can deliver __________.

    <p>vaginally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the treatment options with the corresponding conditions:

    <p>Doxycycline = Contraindicated in pregnancy Erythromycin base = Safe in pregnancy Erythromycin estolate = Contraindicated due to hepatotoxicity Amoxicillin = Can be used in pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended oral medication for pregnant women with a first episode of genital herpes?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common treatment for Donovanosis?

    <p>Azithromycin and doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genital herpes can be completely cured with antiviral medications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for causing genital herpes?

    <p>HSV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to ________ cancer.

    <p>cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their characteristics:

    <p>Donovanosis = Painless papule that ruptures into granulomatous lesion Genital Herpes = Papular lesions that progress to blisters and ulcers HPV = Causes ano-genital warts Syphilis = Causes genital ulcers and is treated separately from gonococcal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily associated with genital herpes?

    <p>Herpes simplex viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals from higher socio-economic groups have a lower risk of STD infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Donovanosis?

    <p>Calymmatobacterium granulomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher STD rates are observed among individuals aged ______.

    <p>20-24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to an increase in STDs in developing countries?

    <p>Increased marital stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following STDs with their causative agents:

    <p>Genital herpes = Herpes simplex viruses Vaginitis = Candida albicans Genital and anal warts = Human papillomaviruses AIDS = Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostitution has no significant influence on the spread of STDs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic group experiences the highest morbidity rates for STDs?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mild or moderate treatment for PID in women without a tubo-ovarian abscess?

    <p>Tab.Cefixime and Tab.Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doxycycline is considered safe for use in pregnant women.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of Ibuprofen for managing pain in patients with PID?

    <p>400 mg orally, three times per day for 3-5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of ________ should be advised during the treatment of PID to prevent gastritis.

    <p>Ranitidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with lower abdominal pain in females?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tests with their purpose:

    <p>Wet smear examination = Diagnosis of PID Gram stain = Testing for gonorrhea Urine pregnancy test = Ruling out ectopic pregnancy Complete blood count = Assesses overall health and detects infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required protocol for treating male partners of women diagnosed with PID?

    <p>Treat for urethral discharge and advise sexual abstinence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intrauterine devices should be left in place during PID treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extent of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

    • Worldwide, the true incidence of STDs is unknown due to underreporting and secrecy
    • STDs are among the top 5 disease categories for adults seeking healthcare globally
    • Over 1 million new STIs are acquired daily.
    • An estimated 374 million new infections occur annually with one of four STIs
    • Data from 2020 show high prevalence of chlamydia (129 million), gonorrhoea (82 million), syphilis (7.1 million) and trichomoniasis (156 million)
    • Over 500 million people live with genital herpes infections
    • Over 300 million women have ongoing HPV infections
    • 296 million people live with chronic hepatitis B.
    • STIs can increase the risk of HIV acquisition by three-fold or more
    • STIs can cause stillbirth, neonatal death, low birth weight, prematurity, sepsis, pneumonia, neonatal conjunctivitis, and congenital deformities.
    • Over 900,000 pregnant women were infected with syphilis in 2012, leading to 350,000 adverse birth outcomes, including stillbirths.
    • HPV infection causes about 528,000 cases of cervical cancer each year and 266,000 cervical cancer deaths annually
    • STIs like gonorrhoea and chlamydia contribute significantly to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and female infertility.

    STDs in India

    • Syphilis: 17,787 cases (6,088 males and 11,699 females) reported in 2020, with 40 deaths
    • Gonorrhoea: 27,582 cases (8,669 males and 18,903 females) reported in 2020, with 5 deaths.
    • Chancroid: Fair prevalence in India.
    • LGV: More prevalent in southern states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka).
    • Donovanosis: Endemic in southern states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka, and Maharashtra) with higher prevalence in coastal regions.
    • Other STDs: Insufficient reporting data available.

    Epidemiological Determinants

    • Agent factors: Over 20 pathogens transmitted through sexual contact. Table 2 outlines pathogens and diseases.
    • Host factors:
      • Age: Highest incidence in 20-24 year olds, followed by the 25-29 and 15-19 year old demographics.
      • Sex: Higher morbidity in men than women (e.g., PID).
      • Marital status: Higher frequency in single, divorced, and separated individuals.
      • Socio-economic status: Increased morbidity in lower socio-economic groups.
    • Demographic factors: Population explosion, young people, rural-urban migration, education opportunities for women, and delayed marriages.
    • Social factors: Prostitution, broken homes, sexual disharmony, emotional immaturity, urbanization, social disruptions, international travel, and changing behavioral patterns. Alcohol use.

    Syndromic Approaches to STD

    • Many agents cause similar STDs. Table 3 illustrates syndromes and sequelae linked to STDs .
    • Diagnosing STDs is often based on clinical presentation, due to cost and availability issues, using flowcharts for diagnosis and treatment rather than just testing every time.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) - Global & India Overview PDF

    Description

    This quiz dives into the global incidence and impact of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Learn about the prevalence of various STIs, their effects on health, and the alarming statistics surrounding these infections. Understand the implications of STDs on individuals and public health.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser