NFPA13-16 kap 8.8-8.17

Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers

• All requirements of Section 8.5 apply unless modified in Section 8.8.

Protection Areas

• The protection area must be no less than that prescribed by the listing.
• Listing dimensions are even-numbered square protection areas as shown in Table 8.8.2.1.2.
• For extended coverage extra hazard or high-piled storage, spacing can follow 8.5.2 and 8.5.3.
  • Maximum spacing is 14 ft (4.3 m) and maximum area is 196 ft2 (18.2 m2) per sprinkler.
  • Alternatively, maximum spacing is 15 ft (4.6 m) and maximum area is 144 ft2 (13.5 m2) per sprinkler.
• The maximum allowable area of coverage conforms to Table 8.8.2.1.2.
• The maximum area of coverage must not exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).

Sprinkler Spacing

• Maximum distance between sprinklers is based on the centerline distance on the branch line or adjacent branch lines.
• Maximum distance is measured along the slope of the ceiling.
• Maximum distance complies with Table 8.8.2.1.2.
• Distance from sprinklers to walls must not exceed one-half of the allowable distance between sprinklers per Table 8.8.2.1.2, measured perpendicular to the wall.
• For angled or irregular walls, the maximum horizontal distance between a sprinkler and any point of floor area must not exceed 0.75 times the allowable distance between sprinklers.
• Sprinklers should be located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from a wall unless listed for less.
• Sprinklers must be spaced not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on center unless specific conditions are met.
  • Baffles protect actuating elements.
  • Baffles are solid, rigid, and stay in place.
  • Baffles are not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and 6 in. (150 mm) high.
  • Tops of baffles extend 2-3 in. (50-75 mm) above upright sprinkler deflectors.
  • Bottoms of baffles extend to at least the level of pendent sprinkler deflectors.

Deflector Position

• Unobstructed Construction: Deflector must be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the ceiling.
  • This requirement does not apply to ceiling-type sprinklers or where sprinklers are listed for other ceiling construction/distances.
  • This requirement does not apply for light and ordinary hazard occupancies with noncombustible or limited-combustible ceilings.
  • Where a vertical change in ceiling elevation creates a distance of more than 36 in. (900 mm) between the upper ceiling and the sprinkler deflector, a vertical plane extending down from the ceiling at the change in elevation is considered a wall for spacing.
  • Where the distance between the upper ceiling and deflector is less than or equal to 36 in. (900 mm), the sprinklers can be spaced as if the ceiling were flat, following obstruction rules.
• Obstructed Construction: Deflector should be located in accordance with one of the following:
  • Within 1-6 in. (25-150 mm) below noncombustible structural members and a maximum of 22 in. (550 mm) below the ceiling/roof deck.
  • At or above the bottom of noncombustible structural member to a maximum of 22 in. (550 mm) below the noncombustible ceiling/roof deck, following 8.8.5.1.2.
  • In each bay of combustible or noncombustible obstructed construction, with deflectors 1-12 in. (25-300 mm) below the ceiling.
  • Installed per their listing for use under other ceiling construction features or distances.
• Peaked Roofs and Ceilings: Sprinklers near the peak must have deflectors located no more than 3 ft (900 mm) vertically down from the peak, per Figures 8.6.4.1.3.1(a) and 8.6.4.1.3.1(b).
• Deflector Orientation: Deflectors must be aligned parallel to ceilings or roofs.
  • Roofs and ceilings with a pitch not exceeding 2 in 12 (16.7%) are considered horizontal.

Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge

• Sprinklers must be located to minimize obstructions or additional sprinklers must ensure adequate coverage.
• Sprinklers should be arranged to comply with one of the arrangements:
  • 8.5.5.2, Table 8.8.5.1.2, and Figure 8.8.5.1.2(a).
  • Spaced on opposite sides of obstructions not exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, with the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers not exceeding one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers.
  • For obstructions against the wall and not over 30 in. (750 mm) wide, protect per Figure 8.8.5.1.2(b).
  • For obstructions against the wall and not over 24 in. (600 mm) wide, protect per Figure 8.8.5.1.2(c), measuring the distance from the sprinkler to the wall behind the obstruction.

Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Development

• General: For continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector that prevent pattern development, comply with 8.8.5.2.
  • Solid continuous obstructions must meet 8.8.5.1.2.
  • Unless other requirements are met, position sprinklers away from obstructions a minimum of four times the obstruction's maximum dimension, with a maximum clear distance of 36 in. (900 mm) for horizontal obstructions and no limit for vertical obstructions.
  • Spacing on opposite sides of obstructions is allowed if the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed half the allowable distance between sprinklers.
  • One-half the distance between the obstructions is permitted where obstructions consist of wood bar joists 20 in. (500 mm) or greater apart, provided that the top and bottom chords of the wood bar joist are not greater than 4 in. (100 mm) (nominal) in width and bar members do not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in width.
  • Installation is permitted on the centerline of a truss or bar joist or directly above a beam, provided the truss chord or beam dimension is not more than 8 in. (200 mm) and the sprinkler deflector is located at least 6 in. (150 mm) above the structural member and where the sprinkler is positioned at a distance four times greater than the maximum dimension of the web members away from the web members.
  • 8.8.5.2.1.3 does not apply to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter or to obstructions per 8.8.5.1.2.
  • Placement is permitted without regard to ceiling fan blades less than 60 in. (1.5 m) in diameter, if the fan has at least 50% open plan view.
• Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions: Distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, partitions, and room dividers in light hazard occupancies must comply with Table 8.8.5.2.2 and Figure 8.8.5.2.2.
  • Privacy curtains are not considered obstructions in light hazard occupancies if supported by fabric mesh on ceiling track with openings equal to/greater than 70%, and the mesh extends at least 22 in. (550 mm) down from the ceiling.

Obstructions Preventing Sprinkler Discharge from Reaching Hazard

• For continuous or noncontinuous obstructions interrupting water discharge more than 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector in a way that limits distribution to the hazard, comply with 8.8.5.3.
• Installation is required under fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.
• Not required under non-fixed obstructions.
• Sprinklers under open gratings shall be of the intermediate level/rack storage type or shielded.
• Deflectors of sprinklers installed under fixed obstructions must be positioned no more than 12 in. (300 mm) below the bottom of the obstruction.
• Sprinklers installed under round ducts shall be of the intermediate level/rack storage type or shielded.

Clearance to Storage

• Clearance between the deflector and the top of storage must be 18 in. (450 mm) or greater.
• Other standards specifying greater clearance minimums must be followed.

Ceiling Pockets

• Sprinklers are required in all ceiling pockets unless specific conditions are met.
• Sprinklers are not required in ceiling pockets if:
  • The total volume of the unprotected ceiling pocket does not exceed 1000 ft3 (28 m3).
  • The depth of the unprotected ceiling pocket does not exceed 36 in. (900 mm).
  • The entire floor under the unprotected ceiling pocket is protected by sprinklers at the lower ceiling elevation.
  • The total size of all unprotected ceiling pockets in the same compartment within 10 ft (3 m) of each other does not exceed 1000 ft3 (28 m3).
  • The unprotected ceiling pocket has noncombustible or limited-combustible finishes.
  • Quick-response sprinklers are utilized throughout the compartment.
• Sprinklers are not required in skylights and similar pockets in accordance with 8.5.7.

Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers

• All requirements of Section 8.5 apply unless modified in Section 8.9.

Protection Areas

• Area of coverage must not be less than that prescribed by the listing.
• Listing dimensions are in 2 ft (600 mm) increments up to 28 ft (8.5 m).
• The maximum allowable protection area is in accordance with Table 8.9.2.2.1, and must not exceed 400 ft2 (37.2 m2).

Sprinkler Spacing

• Maximum distance allowed is based on the centerline distance between sprinklers on the branch line along the wall.
• Spacing must align with the maximum spacing provisions of Table 8.9.2.2.1 when installed along the length of a single wall.
• Sidewall sprinklers cannot be installed back-to-back without separation by a continuous lintel, soffit, or baffle.
• Installation is permitted on opposing or adjacent walls, provided no sprinkler is located within another's maximum protection area.
• The distance from sprinklers to the end walls must not exceed one-half of the allowable distance permitted between them as indicated in Table 8.9.2.2.1.
• Sprinklers are to be located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from an end wall, measuring the distance perpendicular to the wall.
• Sprinklers should not be located within another's maximum protection area unless required by 8.9.4.1.4.1 or separated by baffles.
  • Baffles protect actuating elements.
  • Baffles are solid, rigid, and stay in place.
  • Baffles are not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and 6 in. (150 mm) high.
  • Tops of baffles extend 2-3 in. (50-75 mm) above deflectors.
  • Bottoms of baffles extend to at least the level of the deflectors.

Deflector Position from Ceilings and Walls

• Ceilings: Unless the requirements of 8.9.4.1.1.2 are met, deflectors must be 4-6 in. (100-150 mm) from ceilings.
  • Horizontal sidewall sprinklers are permitted in a zone 6-12 in. (150-300 mm) or 12-18 in. (300-450 mm) below noncombustible or limited-combustible ceilings where listed for such use.
• Walls: Deflectors must be 4-6 in. (100-150 mm) from the walls on which they are mounted unless 8.9.4.1.2.2 is met
  • Horizontal sidewall sprinklers are allowed with deflectors less than 4 in. (100 mm) from the wall.
• Lintels and Soffits: Additional sprinklers are not necessary below soffits less than or equal to 8 in. (200 mm) in width or projection from the wall if 8.9.4.1.3.1 is met.
  • Installation under a soffit is permitted when both the minimum distance from the sprinkler deflector to the bottom of the soffit and the maximum distance from the sprinkler deflector to the high ceiling are maintained.
• Soffits and Cabinets in Residential Areas/Occupancies: Sprinklers and soffits should be installed according to 8.9.4.1.4.1, 8.9.4.1.4.2, or 8.9.4.1.4.3.
  • Pendent sprinklers must be installed under soffits exceeding 8 in. (200 mm) in width or projection.
  • Sidewall sprinklers are permitted in the face of a soffit directly over cabinets, without additional sprinklers, where the soffit does not project horizontally more than 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall.
  • Wall installation is permitted above cabinets (if the sprinklers are more than 3 ft (900 mm) above the top, and the cabinets are no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall).
• Deflector Orientation: Deflectors must be aligned parallel to ceilings or roofs.
  • Installation is required at the high point of a sloped ceiling (exceeding 2 in 12), positioned to discharge downward along the slope.
  • Sidewall sprinklers listed for other ceiling configurations can be installed per their listing requirements.

Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge

• Sprinklers must be located to minimize obstructions to discharge or additional sprinklers must be provided.
• Installation must not be closer than 8 ft (2.4 m) from light fixtures or similar obstructions.
• Distance between light fixtures (or obstructions) located more than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the sprinkler must conform to Table 8.9.5.1.3 and Figure 8.9.5.1.3.
• Continuous obstructions: (projecting from the same wall as the sidewall sprinkler) must follow one of these arrangements:
  • Compliance with Table 8.9.5.1.4 and Figure 8.9.5.1.4(a).
  • Spacing on opposite sides of obstructions less than 4 ft (1.2 m) wide is permitted, if the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers.
  • Protection per Figure 8.9.5.1.4(b) is allowed for obstructions located against the wall and not over 30 in. (750 mm) wide.
  • Protection per Figure 8.9.5.1.4(c) is allowed for obstructions against the wall and not over 24 in. (600 mm) wide. The measurement is from the sprinkler to the wall behind the obstruction.
• Isolated Obstructions: Isolated obstructions projecting from the same wall as the sidewall sprinkler should be located a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) from the sidewall sprinkler.
• Obstructions on the opposite wall: Obstructions up to 2 ft (600 mm) deep and 2 ft (600 mm) wide are permitted.

Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Development

• General: Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector that prevent the pattern from developing must comply with this section.
  • Solid continuous obstructions must meet the requirements of 8.9.5.1.2 and 8.9.5.1.3.
  • Unless other requirements are met, position sprinklers away from obstructions a minimum of four times the obstruction's dimension.
    • The clear distance to horizontal obstructions must be 36 in. (900 mm).
    • No maximum clear distance to vertical obstructions.
  • 8.9.5.2.1.3 and 8.9.5.2.1.4 do not apply where sprinklers are positioned with respect to obstructions in accordance with 8.9.5.1.2 and 8.9.5.1.3.
  • 8.9.5.2.1.3 does not apply to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter.
  • Sprinkler placement is permitted without regard to ceiling fan blades less than 60 in. (1.5 m) in diameter if the fan's plan view is at least 50% open.
• Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions: Distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, freestanding partitions, etc., in light hazard occupancies must comply with Table 8.9.5.2.2 and Figure 8.9.5.2.2.
  • Privacy curtains in light hazard occupancies are not considered obstructions if supported by fabric mesh on a ceiling track, with openings ≥ 70%, and mesh extends ≥ 22 in. (550 mm) from ceiling.

Obstructions Preventing Sprinkler Discharge from Reaching Hazard

• For continuous or noncontinuous obstructions interrupting water discharge more than 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector in a manner that limits distribution, comply with this section.
• Installation is required under fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.
• Not required under non-fixed obstructions.

Residential Sprinklers

• Listings: Areas of coverage must align with the manufacturer’s listing.
  • Residential sprinklers cannot be used on ceilings with slopes > 8 in 12 or heights > 24 ft unless specifically listed.
• Distances Between Sprinklers:
  • Maximum distances are consistent with the manufacturer's listing.
  • The distance between the sprinkler and the wall is not to exceed half the maximum allowable distance between sprinklers as per the manufacturer’s listing.
  • Minimum distance within a compartment is 8 ft (2.4 m), unless the sprinkler's listing requires more, or unless separated by baffles.
    • Baffles must protect the actuating elements and be solid/rigid.
    • Dimensions: not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and 6 in. (150 mm) high.
    • Top of baffles: 2-3 in. (50-75 mm) above upright deflectors.
    • Bottom of baffles: level with pendent deflectors.
  • Sidewall sprinklers are permitted on opposing or adjacent walls if not within another's maximum protection area, or separated by the specified baffles.
  • Slope measurement is per Figure 8.10.3.5(a) and Figure 8.10.3.5(b).
  • For sloped ceilings, maintain the minimum listed spacing (but not less than 8 ft (2.4 m)), measured in the plan view (Figure 8.10.3.6(a) and Figure 8.10.3.6(b)), or separate sprinklers with listed baffles.
• Deflector Position from Ceilings and Walls:
  • Pendent/upright sprinklers: deflectors 1-4 in. (25-100 mm) from the ceiling, unless the listing allows more.
  • Sidewall sprinklers: deflectors 4-6 in. (100-150 mm) from the ceiling, unless the listing allows more.
  • Sidewall sprinklers: soffits exceeding 8 in. (200 mm) in width or projection require additional sprinklers below the soffit.
  • Horizontal sidewall sprinklers: no more than 6 in. (150 mm) from the wall, unless listed for more.
  • End wall distance: no more than half the allowable distance between sprinklers per the listing.
  • Minimum Distance from Walls: 4 in. (100 mm) , measured perpendicular to the wall.
• Deflector Orientation (Residential Upright/Pendent Spray):
  • Deflectors should be parallel to ceilings, roofs, or the incline of stairs.
  • Installation required with the deflector horizontal at the peak below a sloped ceiling or roof surface.
  • Roofs and ceilings with a pitch ≤ 2 in 12 (16.7%) are considered horizontal.
• Compliance with this standard requires adherence to obstruction rules of 8.10.6 or 8.10.7, appropriate for the sprinkler's orientation (upright, pendent, or sidewall) and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
• Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Residential Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers)
  • Performance Objective: Sprinklers are located to minimize obstructions, or additional sprinklers are provided.
  • Arrangement: comply with the following:
    • 8.5.5.2, Table 8.10.6.1.2, and Figure 8.10.6.1.2(a).
    • Spaced on opposite sides of obstructions not exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, with the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers not exceeding one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers.
    • For obstructions against the wall and not over 30 in. (750 mm) in width, protection is per Figure 8.10.6.1.2(b).
    • Per Figure 8.10.6.1.2(c) for obstructions against the wall and not over 24 in. (600 mm) in width. Measurement is from the sprinkler to the wall behind the obstruction.
  • Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Development.
    • General. For continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector preventing full pattern development, comply with 8.10.6.2.
    • Solid continuous obstructions must meet the applicable requirements of 8.10.6.1.2.
    • Unless more specific requirements are met: position sprinklers away from obstructions at a minimum distance of four times the maximum dimension of the obstruction.
      • Maximum clearance to horizontal obstructions is 36 in. (900 mm).
    • Spacing on opposite sides is allowed, if the distance from the centerline to the sprinklers does not exceed half the allowable distance.
    • Half the distance between obstructions is permitted where obstructions consist of open trusses 20 in. (500 mm) or greater apart [24 in. (600 mm) on center], provided that all truss members are not greater than 4 in. (100 mm) (nominal) in width and web members do not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in width.
    • Installation is permitted on the centerline of a truss/bar joist or directly above a beam, provided the truss chord or beam is not more than 8 in. and the sprinkler deflector is at least 6 in. above, and the sprinkler is positioned at a distance four times greater than the maximum dimension of the web members away from the web members.
    • Requirements of 8.10.6.2.1.3 do not apply to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter.
    • Placement without regard to ceiling fan blades is permitted, if the fan has at least 50% open plan view.
  • Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions: Distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, freestanding partitions, room dividers, etc., is in accordance with Table 8.10.6.2.2 and Figure 8.10.6.2.2.
  • Obstructions Preventing Sprinkler Discharge from Reaching Hazard.
    • Comply with 8.10.6.3 for obstructions that interrupt water discharge more than 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector, limiting distribution.
    • Installation under fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, such as stairs and landings, is required.
    • Not required under non-fixed obstructions.
    • Sprinklers under open gratings must be shielded.
• Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Residential Sidewall Spray Sprinklers)
  • Performance Objective: Sprinklers are located to minimize obstructions, or additional sprinklers are provided.
  • Installation: no closer than 8 ft (2.4 m) from light fixtures or similar obstructions.
  • Distance between light fixtures/obstructions > 8 ft (2.4 m) from the sprinkler should conform to Table 8.10.7.1.3 and Figure 8.10.7.1.3.
  • For obstructions projecting from the same wall, comply with one of the following:
    • Table 8.10.7.1.4 and Figure 8.10.7.1.4(a).
    • Spaced on opposite sides of obstructions less than 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, where the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers.
    • Obstructions against the wall and not over 30 in. (750 mm) wide are protected per Figure 8.10.7.1.4(b).
    • Obstructions against the wall and no more than 24 in. (600 mm) wide should be protected in accordance with Figure 8.10.7.1.4(c). Maximum distance between the sprinkler and the wall is to the wall behind the obstruction, not to its face.
  • Soffits and Cabinets: Installation should be in accordance with 8.10.7.1.5.1, 8.10.7.1.5.2, or 8.10.7.1.5.3.
    • For soffits > 8 in. (200 mm) wide or projecting, install pendent sprinklers underneath.
    • Sidewall sprinklers are permitted in the face of a soffit over cabinets, without additional sprinklers, if the soffit projects horizontally ≤ 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall.
    • Sidewall sprinklers more than 3 ft (900 mm) above cabinets which are no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall can be installed on the wall above cabinets.
  • On the wall opposite from the sidewall sprinkler, obstructions up to 2 ft (600 mm) deep and 2 ft (600 mm) wide are permitted.
  • Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Development.
    • Continuous/noncontinuous obstructions ≤ 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector that prevent full pattern development should comply with this section.
    • Solid continuous obstructions must meet the requirements of 8.10.7.1.2 and 8.10.7.1.3.
    • Unless the following requirements are met, position sprinklers away from obstructions a minimum distance of four times the maximum dimension of the obstruction.
      • Clear distance to horizontal obstructions should be ≤ 36 in. (900 mm).
      • 8.10.7.2.1.3 and 8.10.7.2.1.4 do not apply where sprinklers are positioned with respect to obstructions per 8.10.7.1.2 and 8.10.7.1.3.
      • 8.10.7.2.1.3 does not apply to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter.
      • Sprinkler placement is permitted without regard to ceiling fan blades if the fan's plan view is at least 50% open.
  • Suspended/Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions: The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, freestanding partitions, and similar obstructions should be in accordance with Table 8.10.7.2.2 and Figure 8.10.7.2.2.
  • Obstructions Preventing Sprinkler Discharge from Reaching Hazard.
    • For obstructions interrupting water discharge > 18 in. (450 mm) below the deflector, that limit distribution, comply with this section.
    • The installation is required under fixed obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, such as ducts, stairs, and landings.
    • Not required under non-fixed obstructions.
    • Sprinklers installed under open gratings must be shielded.
    • The deflector must be positioned per its listed distance below ceilings for sprinklers installed under fixed obstructions.
    • Sprinklers installed under round ducts must be shielded.
• Ceiling Pockets:
  • Sprinklers are required in all ceiling pockets unless specific requirements are met:
    • Total volume ≤ 100 ft3 (2.8 m3).
    • Depth ≤ 12 in. (300 mm).
    • The entire floor protected by sprinklers at the lower elevation.
    • Interior finish is noncombustible or limited-combustible.

CMSA Sprinklers

• General: All requirements of Section 8.5 apply, except as modified in Section 8.11.
  • Installation should align with Section 8.5 and the manufacturer’s instructions, instead of the rules in Section 8.11.
• Protection Areas per Sprinkler:
  • Determination of Protection Area of Coverage: In accordance with 8.5.2.1.
  • Maximum Protection Area of Coverage:
    • Value should align with Table 8.11.2.2.1.
    • Does not exceed 130 ft2 (12.1 m2).
  • Minimum Protection Area of Coverage: No less than 80 ft2 (7.4 m2).
• Sprinkler Spacing:
  • Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers:
    • Under unobstructed and obstructed noncombustible construction and unobstructed combustible construction, the distance is no more than 12 ft (3.7 m) between sprinklers.
    • Under obstructed combustible construction, the maximum distance is 10 ft (3 m).
  • Maximum Distance from Walls: No more than one-half of the allowable distance per Table 8.11.2.2.1.
  • Minimum Distance from Walls: 4 in. (100 mm).
  • Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers: 8 ft (2.4 m) on center.
• Deflector Position:
  • Distance Below Ceilings:
    • Unobstructed Construction: Deflector is a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) and a maximum of 8 in. (200 mm) from the ceiling.
    • Obstructed Construction: the deflector should be:
      • Between 6 in. (150 mm) and 12 in. (300 mm) from the ceiling, or
      • 1 in. to 6 in. (25 mm to 150 mm) below wood joist, to a maximum distance of 22 in. (550 mm) below the ceiling/roof or deck. Under open wood joist construction, a minimum operating pressure of 50 psi (3.4 bar) is needed for a K-11.2 (160) sprinkler, or 22 psi (1.5 bar) for a K-16.8 (240) sprinkler, based on 16.2.2.4, 16.3.2.4, and 17.2.2.3., or
      • For concrete tee construction with stems spaced less than 7 ft 6 in. (2.3 m) but more than 3 ft (900 mm) on centers, regardless of the depth of the tee, located at or above a horizontal plane 1 in. (25 mm) below the bottom of the stems of the tees and complying with Table 8.11.5.1.2.
  • Deflector Orientation: Aligned parallel to ceilings or roofs.
• Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge:
  • Performance Objective: Locate sprinklers to minimize obstructions. Alternative sprinklers must ensure adequate coverage.
  • Arrangement: comply with 8.5.5.2, Table 8.11.5.1.2, and Figure 8.11.5.1.2.
  • These requirements do not apply where sprinklers are on opposite sides of the obstruction.
  • Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Development.
    • General: Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less than or equal to 36 in. (900 mm) below the deflector should follow 8.11.5.2
    • Rules: Solid continuous obstructions must meet of 8.11.5.1.2 or 8.11.5.1.3.
    • Position sprinklers so they are located at least a distance three times greater than the maximum dimension of the obstruction from the sprinkler for obstructions 8 in. (200 mm) or less in width.
  • Branch Lines: Position upright sprinklers with respect to branch lines as follows:
    • Upright sprinklers are permitted on branch lines ≤ 4 in. (100 mm) nominal in diameter.
    • Horizontally offset ≥ 12 in. (300 mm) from the pipe or elevated using a riser nipple to position the deflector ≥ 12 in. (300 mm) from the centerline of piping > 4 in. (100 mm) nominal in diameter.
  • Obstructions Preventing Sprinkler Discharge from Reaching Hazard
    • For obstructions below the sprinkler deflector that interfere with water distribution to the protected hazard, comply with 8.11.5.3
    • position sprinklers in relation to:
      • Fluorescent lighting fixtures.
      • Ducts.
      • Obstructions > 24 in. (600 mm) wide and below the sprinklers should have the minimum horizontal distances based on Table 8.11.5.3.2 and Figure 8.11.5.3.2.
  • Sprinklers installed under open gratings shielded.
  • Position obstructions centered between adjacent sprinklers when more than 24 inches below sprinkler deflectors.
    • Obstruction Width: Limited to 24 in. (600 mm). For obstructions > 24 in. (600 mm) wide, install more lines of sprinklers below the obstruction.
    • Extension: The obstruction should also not extend more than 12 in. (300 mm) to either side of the midpoint between sprinklers. Lines of sprinklers are required where there are extensions > 12 in. Ensure that there is 18 in. (450 mm) clearance is maintained between the top of storage and the bottom of the obstruction.
  • Special Case: For obstructions parallel to or directly below a branch line:
    • Sprinkler location: At least 36 in. (900 mm) above the top of the obstruction.
    • The obstruction's maximum width is 12 in. (300 mm).
    • Maximum extension from sides: 6 in. (150 mm) to either side of the centerline of the branch line.
• Clearance to Storage: The required minimum clearance between the deflector and the top of the storage is 36 in. (900 mm) or greater.

Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers

• General: All Section 8.5 requirements, except as modified in Section 8.12.
• Protection Areas per Sprinkler:
  • Determination of Protection Area of Coverage: Should align with 8.5.2.1.