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Questions and Answers
What was the main dissatisfaction of European artists at the beginning of the 20th century?
What was the main dissatisfaction of European artists at the beginning of the 20th century?
Where did Expressionism originate?
Where did Expressionism originate?
What type of subject matter did Expressionism focus on?
What type of subject matter did Expressionism focus on?
When did the Expressionist movement start?
When did the Expressionist movement start?
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What influenced the Expressionists in their use of bold colors and unusual forms?
What influenced the Expressionists in their use of bold colors and unusual forms?
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Why did the National Socialists (Nazis) condemn Expressionism as 'degenerate'?
Why did the National Socialists (Nazis) condemn Expressionism as 'degenerate'?
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What did Expressionist artists aim to express through their work?
What did Expressionist artists aim to express through their work?
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Who founded the Der Blaue Reiter group to express spirituality through color symbolism?
Who founded the Der Blaue Reiter group to express spirituality through color symbolism?
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Which artist was inspired by the unique light in Tunisia and used abstract forms and representations in his art?
Which artist was inspired by the unique light in Tunisia and used abstract forms and representations in his art?
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Who created the painting 'Composition VII' interpreted as the last judgment and resurrection with symbolic forms representing biblical events?
Who created the painting 'Composition VII' interpreted as the last judgment and resurrection with symbolic forms representing biblical events?
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Which artist was part of the Die Brucke group in the German Expressionist movement?
Which artist was part of the Die Brucke group in the German Expressionist movement?
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Who suffered from a debilitating disease and created seven panels using charcoal and oil on newsprint pasted on linen or burlap?
Who suffered from a debilitating disease and created seven panels using charcoal and oil on newsprint pasted on linen or burlap?
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Study Notes
German Expressionist Artists: Kandinsky and Klee
- Die Brucke and Der Blaue Reiter were two dominant groups in the German Expressionist movement, led by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc, respectively.
- Expressionism flourished in museums and was collected, but in 1933, the Nazis started dismantling the artwork, removing 20,000 pieces from state-owned museums.
- In 1937, a defamatory show called Degenerate Art in Munich exhibited 740 modern works, portraying them as blasphemous and a plot against Germany.
- Wassily Kandinsky, born in Moscow, studied law but later pursued art in Munich, believing color directly influenced the soul.
- Kandinsky's important early painting, Der Blaue Reiter, was associated with the group he founded to express spirituality through color symbolism.
- Kandinsky was focused on how geometrical planes and elements intersected to create his paintings and believed color tones affected horizontal and vertical lines.
- Composition VII, a Kandinsky painting, is interpreted as the last judgment and resurrection, with symbolic forms representing biblical events.
- Paul Klee, born in Switzerland, studied in Munich, and was part of the Der Blaue Reiter group, and later taught at the Bauhaus.
- Klee was inspired by the unique light in Tunisia, using abstract forms and representations to portray his subject matter.
- Klee's Hammamet with Its Mosque depicts the city's exterior, with nonrepresentational, transparent geometric shapes in the lower section.
- Red Balloon by Klee is a set of softly colored geometric shapes representing a cityscape with a floating balloon, balancing red color elements.
- In 1938, Klee, suffering from a debilitating disease, created seven panels using charcoal and oil on newsprint pasted on linen or burlap, his signature elements being thick, dark lines.
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Description
Learn about the birth of Expressionism in Europe, particularly in Germany, during the early 20th century. Explore how artists broke away from traditional academic standards and developed a style charged with emotions and urban subject matter.
