Exponential Functions and Growth Patterns

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Questions and Answers

Does the statement 'A population of bacteria decreases by a factor of 4 every 12 hours' represent an exponential function?

  • Yes, because it involves a decreasing population.
  • Yes, because it decreases by a constant factor over equal time intervals. (correct)
  • No, because the population will eventually reach zero.
  • No, because it is a linear decrease in population.

What type of growth does the equation $f(x) = 18.4 imes 1.025^t$ represent?

  • Exponential decay
  • Exponential growth (correct)
  • Linear growth
  • Neither

Which statement about the radioactive isotope with a half-life of 15 hours is correct?

  • It exhibits linear decay.
  • It decreases in quantity at a constant rate.
  • It will completely decay in 30 hours.
  • It demonstrates exponential decay. (correct)

Which function represents exponential decay among the following?

<p>$g(t) = 215 imes 0.95^t$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the function represented by the table where the values of $f(x)$ are $-1, -4, -16, -64$?

<p>The function represents exponential decay. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values indicates that a function is linear?

<p>Values increase or decrease at a constant rate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations illustrates neither exponential growth nor decay?

<p>$y = 250(1 - x)$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the function $k(x) = 3.5, 7, 14, 28, 56$ observed in a table?

<p>It represents exponential growth since values double. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function that represents the volume of the balloon after t seconds if it inflates at a constant rate of 40 cubic millimeters per second?

<p>$V(t) = 40t$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the radius of a circular puddle is given by $r(t) = 2t + 3$, what is the area function expressed in terms of time?

<p>$A(t) = ext{π}(2t + 3)^2$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of the balloon after 3 seconds if the relationship is defined by $V = 3 ext{π}r^3$?

<p>$r = 2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composite function that represents the number of Mexican pesos equivalent to 750 Japanese yen?

<p>$g(0.0085 imes 750)$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After 12 minutes, what is the area of the puddle if the radius at that time is given by $r(t) = 2(12) + 3$?

<p>$A = 75 ext{π}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the function $a(x) = ext{π}x^2$ represent in the context of circular ripples?

<p>The area of the circle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the radius after t seconds for a balloon that inflates at a constant rate?

<p>By equating volume and radius functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the conversion from Japanese yen to US dollars is given by $f(x) = 0.0085x$, what is the equivalent of 1000 Japanese yen?

<p>$8.50$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end behavior of the function $f(x) = 4e^x$ as $x$ approaches $-eta$?

<p>It approaches 0. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote for the function $g(x) = 3 imes 2^{-x} + c$?

<p>$y = c$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What value does the function $g(x) = 3 imes 2^{-x} + c$ approach as $x$ approaches infinity?

<p>It approaches $c$. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper limit notation for the end behavior of the function $F(x) = a b^x + c$ as $x$ approaches $-eta$?

<p>$ ext{lim}_{x o -eta} F(x) = c$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the value of $a$ in the function $F(x) = a b^x + c$ when the function approaches $c$?

<p>$a$ can be any real number. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function $f(x)$ represented in the table, as $x$ approaches 1, what is the function value $F(1)$?

<p>-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the range of the function $G(x) = a b^{-x} + c$?

<p>It is limited by the value of $c$. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given table for the function $F(x)$, what behavior is observed as $x$ approaches -8?

<p>It increases towards 5. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the domain of the function $f(x) = log(x - 3)$?

<p>$x &gt; 3$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the left-end behavior of the function $h(x) = 2 log(x) - 3$?

<p>It approaches negative infinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the asymptote of the function $g(x) = ln(4 - x)$ represent?

<p>$x = 4$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function $f(x) = -ln(x) + 3 - 4$, what is the correct interpretation of the range?

<p>$y &gt; -1$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior describes the function $f(x) = log(x - 3)$ as $x$ approaches infinity?

<p>It increases without bound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior is exhibited by the function defined by the values in the table: $x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$ and $f(x) = -1, 1, 5, 13, 29$?

<p>Exponential behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the table with $x = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32$ and $g(x) = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, which behavior does it illustrate?

<p>Logarithmic growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the right-end behavior of the function $h(x) = 2 log(x) - 3$?

<p>It approaches positive infinity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the explicit formula for the sequence of loan balances, where the balances are 960, 835, 710, and 585?

<p>f(n) = 960 - 85n (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Cameron's loan balance is 585 after 4 months, how much did he initially borrow?

<p>$960 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many months will it take for Cameron to fully repay his loan if he makes equal monthly payments?

<p>10 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much will your total salary exceed $500,000 given a starting salary of $45,000 and an annual raise of $2,500?

<p>18 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be your total gross salary at the end of the first year with a starting salary of $45,000?

<p>$45,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the geometric sequence starting with {1250, 250, 50, 10, ...}, what is the common ratio?

<p>0.2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What explicit rule models the sequence where the second term is 4 and the common ratio is 3?

<p>f(n) = 4*3^(n-1) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next term in the sequence {-2, -8, -32, ...}?

<p>-128 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertical asymptote of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + 3)?

<p>𝑥 = -3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the function 𝐹(𝑥) = log₃(2𝑥 - 1) - 4 is correct?

<p>The graph of F is right of the vertical asymptote. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the domain of the function 𝐺(𝑥) = 4 - 2 log₂(3 - 𝑥)?

<p>𝑥 &lt; 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As 𝑥 approaches negative infinity for the function 𝐺(𝑥), what is the behavior of 𝐺?

<p>𝐺 approaches a constant value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined about the concavity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) using the values from the given table?

<p>𝑓 is concave up from -500 to 1. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function 𝐻(𝑥) = log₂(𝑥 + 1), what is the behavior as 𝑥 approaches 0 from the right?

<p>𝐻 approaches negative infinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the zero of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔₂(𝑥) + 2?

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing the function 𝑘(𝑥) = -log₃(−𝑥), what happens as 𝑥 approaches 0 from the left?

<p>𝑘 approaches positive infinity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geometric Sequence

A sequence where each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a constant value called the common ratio.

Common Ratio

The constant value that you multiply by to get from one term to the next in a geometric sequence.

Exponential Function

A function that can be written in the form f(n) = ab^n, where 'a' is the initial value and 'b' is the common ratio.

a1 (First Term)

The value of the first term (when n = 1) in a geometric sequence.

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a0 (Initial Term)

The value of the term when n = 0 in a geometric sequence.

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Explicit Formula for Geometric Sequence

The explicit formula for a geometric sequence f(n) = a0 * b^n, where a0 is the initial term and b is the common ratio.

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Number of Terms

The total number of terms in a finite geometric sequence.

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Finding a Term in a Sequence

The process of finding the value of a specific term in a sequence using the explicit formula.

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Base of an Exponential Function

The rate at which an exponential function increases is determined by the base of the exponent.

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Exponential Growth

A type of exponential function where the output values increase as the input values increase.

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Exponential Decay

A type of exponential function where the output values decrease as the input values increase.

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Linear Function

A function where the output values change by a constant amount for every equal increase in the input values.

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Slope

The constant amount by which the output values change in a linear function for every equal increase in the input values.

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Half-life

An exponential function where the output values are halved for every equal increase in the input values.

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Function

A mathematical representation of the relationship between two variables where the output depends on the input.

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Domain

The set of all possible input values for a function.

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Range

The set of all possible output values for a function.

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Continuity

A function is continuous if its graph can be drawn without lifting your pencil from the paper.

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Extrema

A point where the graph of a function changes from increasing to decreasing, or vice versa.

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Asymptote

A line that the graph of a function approaches as the input values get very large or very small.

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End Behavior

The behavior of a function as the input values approach positive or negative infinity.

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Limit

The value that a function approaches as the input values approach a specific value.

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Composite function for currency conversion

A composite function that represents the number of Mexican pesos equivalent to 𝑥𝑥 Japanese yen.

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Value in Mexican Pesos

The value in Mexican pesos of an item that costs 750 Japanese yen.

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Area of Circle at Time x

The area of the circle with radius 𝑥𝑥 at 𝑥𝑥 seconds.

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Volume of Balloon over Time

The volume of the balloon after 𝑡𝑡 seconds.

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Balloon Radius from Volume

The radius of the balloon when the volume is 𝑉𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3.

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Radius as a Function of Time

An equation that expresses the radius of the balloon as a function of time.

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Puddle Radius after t Minutes

The radius of the puddle after 𝑡𝑡 minutes.

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Puddle Area at 12 Minutes

The area of the surface of the puddle at 𝑡𝑡 = 12 minutes.

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Vertical Asymptote

A vertical line that the graph of a function approaches but never touches as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

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Zero of a Function

The value of x for which the function is equal to zero.

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Domain of a Function

The set of all possible input values (x-values) for which the function is defined.

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Concavity

The concavity of a function describes whether it is curving upwards (concave up) or downwards (concave down) over a specific interval.

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Limit at Infinity

The value of the function when x approaches positive or negative infinity.

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Inflection Point

A point on the graph where the function changes its concavity, from curving upwards to downwards or vice versa.

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Range of a Function

The set of all possible output values for a function; the values that the dependent variable can take. This is represented by the y-values that the function can produce.

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X-Intercept(s)

The set of x-values where a function has a value of zero.

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Horizontal Asymptote

A horizontal line that a function approaches as x approaches either positive or negative infinity. It represents the limiting behavior of the function as x becomes very large or very small.

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Study Notes

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences

  • Arithmetic sequences have a constant difference between consecutive terms.
  • Geometric sequences have a constant ratio between consecutive terms.

Finding the nth term of an arithmetic sequence.

  • Use the formula: an = a₁ + (n - 1)d
    • an = the nth term
    • a₁ = the first term
    • n = the term number
    • d = the common difference

Finding the nth term of a geometric sequence.

  • Use the formula: an = a₁⋅ r^(n-1)
    • an = the nth term
    • a₁ = the first term
    • n = the term number
    • r = the common ratio

Problems with Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences

  • Problems 1-4: Determine if the sequence is arithmetic. Find the common difference if applicable.
  • Problems 5-8: Find the first five terms of a sequence.
  • Problems 9-12: Find the 28th term of a sequence.
  • Problems 13-16: Find the general rule for a sequence given the 13th term (or similar) and the common difference.
  • Problems 17-21: Solve word problems.

Geometric Sequences: Common Ratio

  • Common ratio (r) is the constant ratio between consecutive terms in a geometric sequence.
  • Calculate the common ratio by dividing any term by the previous term.

Problems with Geometric Sequences:

  • Problems 1-4: Determine if the sequence is geometric. Find common ratio if applicable.
  • Problems 5-8: Find the explicit formula (nth term) for given sequences.
  • Problems 9-12: Determine the missing term of the sequence.

Linear and Exponential Functions

  • Linear functions have a constant rate of change (slope).

  • Explicit rule for a linear function: f(n) = mn + b

    • m = the slope, or rate of change
    • b = the y-intercept, or initial value
  • Exponential functions have a constant multiplier (growth factor).

  • Explicit rule for an exponential function: f(n)=ab^n

    • a = the initial value
    • b = the growth or decay factor

Problems with Linear Functions

  • Problems 1-2: Use the graph to complete the table, find the difference and write an explicit rule for a linear function.

Problems with Exponential Functions

  • Problems 1-2: Use the graph to complete the table, find the ratio, and write an explicit rule for an exponential function.

Understanding Sequences

  • Identify patterns and relationships within a sequence.
  • Use formulas and rules to calculate terms in a sequence.

Word Problems

  • Translate word problems into mathematical equations and solutions.

Logs/Exponents

  • Understand logarithmic and exponential expressions

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