Exploring Upper Urinary Tract Infections

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Which of the following is a complication of chronic pyelonephritis?

Formation of gallstones

End-stage liver disease

Loss of nephrons (correct)

Hypertension

What is one of the medical management strategies for chronic pyelonephritis?

Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy (correct)

Administration of antipyretic agents

Monitoring liver function

Surgical removal of the kidneys

What is a potential consequence of impaired kidney function in relation to antimicrobial therapy?

Increased excretion of antimicrobial agents

No effect on the excretion of antimicrobial agents

Increased toxicity of antimicrobial agents (correct)

Decreased excretion of antimicrobial agents

What should the nurse assess every 4 hours for a patient with chronic pyelonephritis?

Temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of patient education for preventing further infection in chronic pyelonephritis?

Consuming adequate fluids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can chronic incomplete bladder emptying lead to?

Recurrent bladder infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause high-pressure detrusor contractions and result in hydronephrosis?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nurse in the management of chronic pyelonephritis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key factors in preventing further infection in chronic pyelonephritis?

Emptying the bladder regularly (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of medical management for chronic pyelonephritis?

Eradicating bacteria from the urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urinary tract infection is thought to be the most likely in upper UTIs?

Acute pyelonephritis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of upper UTIs?

Spread of bacteria from systemic sources (B) Signup and view all the answers

What increases the susceptibility of the kidneys to infection in upper UTIs?

Incompetent ureterovesical valve (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of obstruction that can lead to upper UTIs?

Prostate tumors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys?

Pyelonephritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the kidney in upper UTIs?

Interstitial nephritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can result from upper UTIs?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a common cause of urosepsis in upper UTIs?

Kidney abscesses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the upward spread of bacteria from the bladder into the kidney, resulting in pyelonephritis?

Incompetent ureterovesical valve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can spread to the kidneys and result in abscesses in upper UTIs?

Tuberculosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of acute pyelonephritis?

Low back pain and flank pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of chronic pyelonephritis?

Repeated bouts of acute pyelonephritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to locate an obstruction in the urinary tract?

IV pyelogram (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis?

2 weeks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common finding on physical examination of a patient with acute pyelonephritis?

Pain and tenderness in the costovertebral angle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a follow-up urine culture after completion of antibiotic therapy for acute pyelonephritis?

To document clearing of the infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of chronic pyelonephritis?

Fatigue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to assess the extent of chronic pyelonephritis?

IV urogram (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical management approach for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis?

Outpatient treatment with antibiotic agents (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can chronic pyelonephritis lead to?

Chronic kidney disease (B) Signup and view all the answers